【摘要】 吏是明代官僚政治体制中心重要组成部分 ,但是其地位却异常低下 ,吏员实际承担的政治职能远远超过明政府所赋予的。这种矛盾造成吏员在为政中的畏官、媚官、贿官、胁官、排官以及害民心态 ,这种心态在政府职能运作中往往外化为僭权越位、唯利是图 ,从基层腐蚀着明王朝 ,也是造成明代吏治腐败的一个重要原因更多还原

【Abstract】 The li, or functionary, was an indispensable ingredient of the Ming bureaucracy system. In a quite humble status, he surprisingly performed political functions much more than those which the Ming government committed to him. This contradictory case was responsible for the li’s mentality of fearing, courting, bribing, and threatening the official and harming the commons in his functioning. The externalization of his mentality mentioned above in administration was that he often acted in excess of authority and was bent solely on profit. This undermined the Ming dynasty and contributed to the corruption of its official regime.更多还原