【摘要】 北魏前期官吏基本生活在一个无序的环境中 ,生活来源最初依靠战争赏赐而后则主要由自己解决 ,国家还没有一套完善的保障制度 ,故而引起了掠夺抢劫、贪赃黩货、截留官物、经商射利等一系列影响统治质量的后果 ,成为吏治的根本痼疾 ,同时也是引起献文、孝文二帝吏治改革的根本原因 ,并为后世留下较多可资借鉴的深刻教训更多还原

【Abstract】 At the early stage of Northern Wei, officials generally lived in the social environment that lacked rules and regulations. Their life firstly depended on rewards bestowed on them in wars , then on themselves.The nation didn’t have a set of perfect security system. Thus there appeared a series of results such as plundering, taking bribes, withholding state property, engaging in trade for profits, etc, which greatly influenced the governance of the state. All of these formed the chronic disease of local administration, which is also the root cause of the reform of official system conducted by two emperors-Emperor Xianwen and Emperor Xiaowen, and left the later generations many profound lessons to learn from.更多还原