【摘要】 目的　对注意缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD)与儿童气质及环境的关系进行初步探讨 ,了解ADHD患儿是否存在气质与环境的不相适应 ,为ADHD的诊断及治疗提供重要的参考。方法　①病例组是 5 0例已确诊为AD HD的患儿 ,对照组是 5 0例正常儿童。②使用Conner’s父母量表、行为方式问卷 (BSQ)、小学儿童气质量表 (MC TQ)和自制订的家庭环境调查表分别评定两组儿童的多动指数、气质特性和家庭环境因素。③比较两组儿童的气质特性及各项家庭环境因素得分的差异 ,分析气质特性与ADHD的相关性。结果　①九种气质特性中与AD HD显著相关的是高活动性、高注意分散和低持久性 ,相关系数分别是 0 5 31,0 387和 0 494,P <0 0 5。②AD HD组和对照组中具有高活动性、高注意分散和低持久性等气质特性的儿童比例分别是 42 %和 12 % ,P <0 0 5。③ADHD组中具有高活动性、高注意分散、低持久性等气质特性患儿的家庭环境得分低于对照组 ,结果有显著性差异 (P <0 0 1)。结论　与正常儿童比较 ,ADHD患儿有明显的不同的气质特性和存在更多不利的家庭环境因素 ,气质与环境的不相适应可能是这些患儿行为障碍的原因更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the relationship among child temperament, family environment factors and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder( ADHD), so as to probe if there is between temperament and environment of ADHD children,helping the diagnosis and theatment of ADHD. Methods (1) In this study the information was collected from all enrolled subjects, including 50 children with ADHD and 50 healthy. (2) By using the Conner’s Parent Rating Scales, Behavioral Style Questionnaire, Middle Child Temperament Questionnaire and family environment questionnaire (made by ourselves), we evaluated the index of hyperactivity,traits of temperament and family environment factors.(3) Nine traits of temperament and the score in family environment factors were compared between two groups. Results (1) There were markedly positive correlation between the temperament characteristics,including,activity level, distractibility,low persistence/attention span,and the index of hyperactivity, the correlation index were 0 531,0 387 and 0 494 respectively,P<0 05 (2) The percentage of child with high activity level, low persistence/attention span and high distractibility between two groups differred significantly (P<0 05). (3)The score of the family environment factors of those who had high activity level, distractibility, low persistence/attention was significantly lower than the control group (P<0 001). Conclusions Children with ADHD have obvious temperament variations and more disadvantage family environment factors than normal children. It is necessary to investigate the interaction between temperament and environment during the diagnosis course and the treatment of ADHD.更多还原