【摘要】 目的 :本研究采用横断面法研究 6～ 18岁儿童记忆能力随年龄发展的规律。方法 :采用比例随机取样法 ,在长沙、湘潭、醴陵三地的 4所小学 ,5所中学和 1所中专抽取 32 2名儿童 ,对入组儿童用多维记忆评估量表作个别记忆测查。结果 :随年龄增长 ,各记忆测验和因子分均有显著增加 (P <0 .0 0 1) ,但不同测验和因子分增长的速率和达到峰值年龄不同 ,外显记忆、日常生活记忆和总记忆成绩在 14前呈快速增长 ,每组的得分均显著高于前一组的得分 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,15岁后得分无明显增加 ;内隐记忆、自由回忆、再认记忆和记忆广度得分在 12岁前呈连续增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,13岁后得分无显著改变。结论 :儿童各种记忆能力都随年龄增长而发展 ,各种记忆快速发展的年龄 ,增长的速度和达到高峰的时期不尽相同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To understand the features of the memory development in Chinese children.Methods: Three hundred and twenty-two subjects ranging from six to eighteen years old were sampled from four primary schools and six secondary schools in three cities. The subjects were divided into seven age groups: 6～, 7～8, 9～10, 11～12, 13～14, 15～16, 17～18. The memory functions of all subjects were individually assessed with Multi-dimension Memory Assessment Scale (MMAS), which composed twenty subtests and could assess explicit memory, implicit memory and everyday memory. Results:(1) Each standardized score was significantly increased with ages, but the increasing rate and the ages of the maximum scores was different ( F =2.76～86.04). Compared with the first group, the scores of two implicit memory subtests and some subtests of explicit memory showed significant differences beginning with seven years old, and the others begin with nine years old. (2) Compared with the former groups, the scores of two implicit memory subtests and three associate learning subtests increased quickly between six and twelve years old, but picture reproduction went up quickly between six and eight years old. (3) The composite scores were found significant difference among the groups. Compared with the former groups, the explicit memory, the daily living memory and total scores grow up quickly before fourteen years old, but the composite score of implicit memory went up quickly before twelve. Conclusion:Memory develop with the children’ age, the rate of development and age of the maximum scores on the different memory are different.更多还原