【摘要】 田间和室内施肥实验观测结果表明 ,有机肥和氮素化肥配合施用可以显著提高土壤的持水容量 ,并有效地抑制裸土蒸发。连续 4年适量的稻草和化肥氮素配施与单施化肥相比 ,粘盘黄褐土的田间持水量增加 2 0 %左右 ,作物初萎土壤含水量有所降低 ,因而有效水储量增加 ;裸土蒸发过程中 ,在 0～ 8× 10 4 Pa吸力范围内 ,随着土壤含水量降低 ,施有机肥的土壤吸力陡增 ,失去单位数量的水需要做更多的功 ,因而蒸发强度减弱 ,15 d累积蒸发量比单施化肥的土壤减少 2 6 %。秸杆与化学氮肥配合施用 ,可以明显增强土壤的蓄水抗旱机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The result of farm fertilization test and indoor simulation observation show that the combination of organic fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer has significant effect on water holding capacity of soil and effectively restrains the evaporation of water in uncovered soil Comparing the result of applying of suitable straw mixed with nitrogen fertilizer with sole fertilizer for 4 years in successive, the water containing capacity of yellow-brown clay in field is increased by about 20% At the beginning of crop withering, water contained in soil declines but effective quantity of water increases In the process of evaporation of uncovered soil and in a range of suction of 0~8×104 Pa occur, with the decline of water containing of soil, applying of organic fertilizer would result in the increase of soil suction, the water lost by per unit would need more work, so evaporation intensity would become weak Comparing with soil of the sole fertilizer, the accumulative evaporation of 15 days is decreased by 26% The applying of chemical nitrogen fertilizer mixed with straw will be able to increase the capacity of water containing to withstand drought更多还原