【摘要】 目的　探讨体外冲击波碎石 (ESWL)导致机体感染的可能性及测定尿液内毒素的价值和意义。方法　 16 4例上尿路结石病人分成 5组。A组 :4 8例肾结石病人 ,结石 1- 4枚 (直径均≤ 2cm)。B组 :2 4例肾结石病人 ,结石 1- 3枚 (直径均 >2cm)。C组 :2 2例肾结石病人 ,结石 1- 3枚 ,伴 1- 2枚输尿管结石。D组 :51例输尿管结石病人 ,结石 1- 3枚 (直径为 0 5- 1 2cm)。E组 :19例复杂性肾结石病人。除A组外均有不同程度尿流梗阻。ESWL治疗前均无尿路感染。所有患者ESWL治疗前后取血、尿作细菌培养及以鲎试验测内毒素浓度。结果　所有病人ESWL治疗前、后血液内毒素浓度均无显著性变化 ,血液细菌培养均为阴性。B、C和E组ESWL治疗后尿液内毒素均较治疗前显著性升高。A和D组ESWL治疗前后尿液内毒素浓度均无显著性改变。ESWL治疗后B、C和E组尿液细菌培养阳性率较A和D组显著升高 ,或非常显著升高。结论　直径≤ 2cm、对引流系统无明显影响的肾结石或直径 0 5- 1 2cm的输尿管结石 ,ESWL治疗导致泌尿系感染的可能性较小 ;但复杂性、直径 >2cm的肾结石、或肾结石伴输尿管结石 ,即使ESWL治疗前无菌尿症 ,ESWL导致泌尿系感染的可能性大 ,预防性使用抗生素是必要的。另外 ,尿液内毒素测定是诊断ESWL病人泌尿系是否感染的一个更多还原

【Abstract】 To clarify the infection risks and the value of endotoxin determination in urine during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) Methods According to the distribution and complications of upper urinary calculi, 164 patients were divided into five groups Group A consisted of 48 patients with 1 to 4 renal calculi, which were or less than 2?cm in diameter Group B was composed of 24 patients with renal calculus larger than 2?cm in diameter or one to multiple renal calculi Group C was composed of 22 patients with 1 to 3 renal calculi accompanied by 1 to 2 ureteric calculi Group D consisted of 51 patients with 1 to 3 ureteric calculi that were 0 5 to 1 2?cm in diameter, respectively Group E included 19 patients with complicated renal calculus, such as casting and staghorn renal calculus Urine and blood samples of these patients were obtained before and after ESWL, respectively Their urine samples were proven sterile prior to treatment All samples were cultured for bacteria and investigated for endotoxin concentration by the limulus lysate test Results No significant difference in serum endotoxin was noted before and after ESWL Blood bacterial cultures were all negative in all patients after ESWL, similar to those before ESWL Significant increases in urine endotoxin after ESWL compared with that before ESWL in patients of Groups B, C and E were observed, respectively ( P <0 05) There was no significant difference in urine endotoxin after ESWL compared with that before ESWL in patients of Groups A and D The positive incidences of urine bacterial culture were significantly increased ( P <0 05) in Groups B and C and very significantly increased ( P <0 01) in Group E compared with those in Groups A and D Conclusions Urinary infection risk following ESWL was lower in patients with one to several renal calculi, which were less than 2?cm in diameter and did not interfere obviously with the urine flow or in patients with 1 to 3 ureteric calculi that were 0 5 to 1 2?cm in diameter The risk was higher in those with complicated calculi, such as casting, staghorn renal calculus, renal calculus larger than 2?cm in diameter or renal calculi accompanied by ureteric calculi For patients with higher infection risk after ESWL, prophylactic antibiotics are necessary even if bacteriuria is not present before ESWL Endotoxin determination in urine is a reliable, sensitive and simple method for the diagnosis of bacterial infection in patients undergoing ESWL更多还原