【摘要】 目的检测接触玛瑙尘作业工人生产环境与矽肺病发病状况。方法测定广州某珠宝加工厂 ３３名玛瑙尘接触工人作业环境玛瑙尘的总尘浓度、分散度和游离ＳｉＯ２含量；对接尘工人拍摄高千伏Ｘ线后前位胸片、测定肺功能以及其它医学检查；结果切粒、磨角和窝珠工种平均总尘浓度分别为９．９、３．５和３．０ｍｇ／ｍ３，超过国家最大容许浓度８．９、２．５、２．０倍，分散度＜５μｍ占８６％，游离ＳｉＯ２含量为９０．５％；接尘工人平均年龄（２９．８×４．９）岁，平均工龄（３．５±１．７）年，诊断为急进型矽肺１５例（４７％），其中Ⅰ期１１例、Ⅱ期４例，其肺功能明显降低；至２０００年２月，原诊断为Ⅰ期３例、Ⅱ期３例已晋期为Ⅲ期，３例患者（２０％）死于呼吸衰竭，６例病情危急；该厂在调查后不久关闭。结论玛瑙尘易发生急进型矽肺，病情凶险，提示在发展中国家，对小型珠宝加工厂加强职业卫生管理刻不容缓。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To assess the prevalence of silicosis in workers exposed to agate dust in a small private agate mill in Guangzhou. Methods The work processes and records of dust measurements were examined. Free SiO2 content from agate samples was measured. Occupational history was obtained and chest X-ray and lung function tests were carried out. The present investigation was prompted. Results The mean total dust concentrations in sawing, carving and polishing work sites were 9. 9, 3. 5 and 3. 0 mg/m3 respectively, exceeding the national maximum allowance concentration (MAC of 1 mg/m3 ) by 8. 9, 2. 5 and 2. 0 folds. The content of free SiO2 was 90 .5 % and 86% of the particles diameter was smaller than 5 .0 μm. The mean age was (29 .8 ± 4 .9) years and the mean duration of exposure was (3 .5 ± 1 .7)years. Fifteen cases (47%) were diagnosed as accelerated silicosis, including 11 cases of stage Ⅰ and 4 cases of stage Ⅱ. All were from the sawing work site and their pulmonary function were reduced. Up to February 2000, three cases of Stage Ⅰ and three cases of stage Ⅱ had developed to be stage Ⅲ, three died from respiratory failure and six were in critical conditions. The factory was closed soon after the investigation started. Conclusion About half of the workers in the agate mill exposed to agate dust had accelerated silicosis. It suggested that strengthening of the occupational hygiene works in small scale enterprises such as agate mill would be in urgent need especially in developing countries.更多还原