【摘要】 线粒体不仅是动物细胞内的主要产能中心 ,而且在细胞凋亡中还承担着主开关的角色。作为细胞生死开关的线粒体 ,其通透性转变孔的开放 ,可让细胞色素c、凋亡诱导因子、Ca2 +以及膜间隙中的胱冬肽酶原 (procas pase)等凋亡因子被释放到细胞质中 ,它们或激活凋亡蛋白家族的主要成员———胱冬肽酶 (caspase) ,或独立地破坏核染色质 ,或作用于其他Ca2 + 依赖性蛋白 ,从而使细胞的整体结构破坏、功能紊乱 ,最终变成泡状凋亡小体而凋亡。弄清线粒体在细胞凋亡中的调控机制 ,不仅具有重要的理论意义 ,而且在开发研制以线粒体为靶目标的各种药物以治疗癌症、老年性痴呆和帕金森综合症等方面也具有重要的实践价值。本文谨以对线粒体及细胞凋亡的最新研究进展为基础 ,对线粒体在决定细胞生死中所起的关键作用做一综述更多还原

【Abstract】 Mitochondrion is not only the major ATP manufacture center of animal cells, but also plays a key role, as a main switch, in the regulation of apoptosis. Opening of the mitochondrion permeability transition pore (MPTP), the life or death switch of cells, causes an increase of the permeability of mitochondrial membrane and the release of several types of apoptogenic factors from the intermembrane space, such as cytochrome c , apoptosis inducing factors (AIFs), procaspases and Ca 2+ . These apoptotic factors can either activate caspases, the main member of apoptotic proteins, or destruct independently the intranuclear chromatin, or interact with other Ca 2+ dependent proteins. These result in structural rupture and dysfunction of cells, and the cells are finally degraded into apoptotic bodies and died. Studies on the regulation mechanisms of mitochondrion in apoptosis will be of great value theoretically as well as potential practical usage in designing drugs for cancer, Parkinson’s disease and so on, using mitochondria as targets. To understand the key role of the mitochondrion in the determination of life and death of the cells, recent findings in this field are reviewed in this article.更多还原