【摘要】 直隶是晚清时期全国灾害最严重的省份之一，其自然灾害的发生频率位居全国之首。本文分三部分探讨了晚清直隶灾荒的时空分布规律、影响及减灾措施。第一部分，主要以水旱灾为例，从其时间、空间分布特征来论述晚清直隶灾荒的严重性。第二部分，阐述晚清直隶灾荒不仅造成社会经济的衰退，人员的流徙或死亡，而且还引起了人们心理的震荡，从而造成了社会秩序的紊乱，激化了社会矛盾。第三部分，探寻晚清直隶减灾的措施，尽管减灾措施在传统的备荒救灾基础上又有新的发展，其实施也在一定程度上取得了成效，但总体上效果不佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhili was the area most affected by famine in the late Qing, and the province was first in the nation in the rate for all natural disasters. The three sections of this essay examine the patterns, influences and policies for reducing famine. Part one examines the seventy and length of droughts and floods in Zhili. Part two explains how natural disasters not only created social and economic decline, homelessness, and death. but also how natural disasters caused psychological shocks that disrupted social order and heightened social contradictions. Part three looks at policies for alleviating natural disasters. Despite the fact that new methods for alleviating famine were introduced and used along with traditional formulas for disaster relief, these efforts yielded limited results and their overall impact was not great.更多还原