【摘要】 液液体系中形成动态相间分散层 (IDZ)的观点合理解释了伴随化学反应的传质动力学特性 .研究表明 ,用 3 - (正十二烷基 )胺萃取HCl时发生的萃取速率突变现象 ,可用由于局部反应平衡常数的变化和浓度梯度增长 ,在有机相边界层内形成W/O型IDZ过程予以解释 .添加少量表面活性剂可以改变IDZ的液滴数量与尺度 ,进而显著地改变通过相界面的扩散系数 .如果表面活性剂能够稳定IDZ和 (或 )促进反应剂在液滴表面上的吸附 ,则呈现正效应 ;如果表面活性剂使IDZ的稳定性降低和 (或 )减弱液滴表面对反应剂的吸附 ,则观察到负效应 .上述现象在 2 -羟基 - 5 -辛基二苯甲酮肟萃取和反萃Cu2 +的过程中得到了证实 .更多还原

【Abstract】 Some important peculiarities of interfacial mass transfer with chemical reactions in liquid-liquid systems were explained with the help of interfacial dispersed zones (IDZ) formation.A sudden and sharp increase in HCl extraction rate by tri( n -dodecyl)amine was explained by means of a new dispersed phase formation inside of the organic layers adjacent to the interphase.This process of water mirodroplets formation is accompanied with the change of local equilibrium constant and concentration gradient.Surface-active substances(SAS) added to the system could essentially affect the rate of interfacial diffusion because of change of number and dimension of microparticles inside of IDZ.The rate of interfacial diffusion increases if SAS stabilize IDZ and (or) enhance adsorption of reactants on the surface of microparticles of IDZ.The opposite situation can be observed if SAS destabilize IDZ and (or) decrease adsorption of reactants.These effects were found in extraction and stripping of Cu 2+ in the system with 2-hydroxi-5-octylbezo phenonoxime.更多还原