【摘要】 1997～ 1999年对 4 4个转育多代的矮败麦材料和父母本花期相遇程度不同的 6个群体进行了有关数据的调查、分析 ,结果表明 :(1)矮败麦的株高、抽穗期和开颖期 (分别以S1,S2 ,S3 表示 )与其姊妹散粉株的对应性状 (F1,F2 ,F3 )的关系分别是 :S1=0 5 98F1(R2 =0 4 88) ,S2 =3 5 37+ 0 814F2 (R2 =0 60 0 ) ,S3 =5 771+ 0 85 6F3 (R2 =0 5 0 0 )。另外矮败麦还表现为成穗多 ,结实率低 ,子粒饱满度和粒重不高 ,但我们所用是其后代可育株 ,故对矮败麦的选择标准要适当放宽。 (2 )矮败表的穗下节伸长 (抽穗 )速度只及其可育株的 5 8 5 % ,伸长速度无明显的高峰 ,但其伸长的持续期稍长 ,这说明矮化和发育推迟可能是同一发育现象所导致的两个结果。 (3)可育株、不育株开花、开颖之间的时间间隔和其穗子之间的空间间隔的大小对株间传粉和不育株结实都至关重要。小麦自花授粉作物的花器特点对及时高效地接受外来花粉有一定的障碍作用 ,所以人工辅助授粉可提高不育株的结实率。相比之下矮败麦更容易接受来自距离稍远一些的花粉 ,这对于进行异交传粉特别是矮秆群的传粉和杂交具有重要价值更多还原

【Abstract】 The organ development and pollination of 44 lines and 6 populations of dwarfing male sterile(D S) wheat were studied from 1997 to 1999 The main results are as follows:1)The relationship between the D.S plant and the corresponding tall,fertile sister (T.F.) plants on the characters of plant height,heading date and glume opening or flowering date can be described as:D S 1 =0 598 T F 1 (R 2=0 488);D S 2 =3 537+0 814 T F 2 (R 2=0 600);D S 3 =5 771+0 856 T F 3 (R 2=0 500).The D.S.plants bear more ears,but have lower seed setting rate and lower filling rate.2)The elongation rate of top internode of the D.S.plants is only 58 8% of the T.F.plants in the first 5 6 days of heading period and there is no peak in the curve of elongation rate,but the elongation period of D.S.plants is longer than that of the T.F.plants.This indicates the short stalk and later heading date of the D.S.plants may be caused by the same developing mode.3)The difference of the flowering(or glume opening)time between D.S.and T.F.plants play an important role in the pollination and seed setting.The inner glume of wheat flower may prevent their pistil from accepting the falling pollen from other plants.Compared to common Taigu nucleus male sterile wheat,the D.S.plants are easy to accept pollens from other plants in relatively far distance,this is to say,dwarfing male sterile wheat is a very useful tool for a population improvement program,especially for short stalk breeding.更多还原