【摘要】 清代以来 ,新疆城镇体系开始了一个重新构建的过程 ,逐渐形成了以喀什噶尔、伊犁和迪化为中心的3大城镇群落 ,并奠定了今天新疆城镇体系的主要框架。其城镇的特点为规模大、密度高。清代早期的城镇功能以军事和政治功能为主 ,以后逐渐具备了经济、文化、交通等综合功能。城镇形态的演变模式为块状———条形状———块状的发展过程 ,且多具有双城形态 ,区分为满、汉两城 ,经济中心和政治中心分离 ,平原地带的城镇多呈现出矩形 ;山麓城镇则依地形而建 ,呈现出不规则的城镇形态。城镇布局模式主要为以天山为界 ,南疆呈环状结构 ,偏重与以喀什为中心的西半部 ;北疆呈现出“工”字型结构 ,以天山北麓的城镇为主更多还原

【Abstract】 From the Qianlong reign of the Qing dynasty, urban places of Xinjiang have entered a reconstruction course and gradually grown up top three city systems,namely, eight towns centered in Kashi City,nine towns in Yili City, as well as Dihua City (now the Urumqi city) ets, which comprised the basic frame of mordern city system in Xinjiang. In mordern times,the barycenter of Xinjiang’s towns have been experienced a dynamic migration,first from South Xinjiang to North Xinjiang,second from Kashi toYiLi,then shifted from YiLi in the west to Urumqi in the east, which continued up to now. The composition of towns of Xinjiang is shaped chiefly by many factors: topography, relief military, regional economy and water resources. The city shapes have experienced a development course: small lump→streak→large lump. At the same time, those towns varied for its own location, which acts as a vital role in forming rectangle and irregular shape of the town.Here the towns of Qing Dynasty characterized by the coexistence of the Han nationality and Manchu. In some places of Xinjiang, the political center separates from administrative axis. Divided by TianShan mountains,the composition of the towns are integrated into south and north parts. Circling the brim of Tarim Basin, the urban places in south part mainly aggregated in the west part and centered in Kashi; while the urban places in north part surrounded the brink of Junggar basin and concentrated along the north foot of Tianshan mountains.The function of the urban place is complex. Most towns are characterized by their military and political purposes in early period,but later they were gradually provided with many other functions such as economy,industry (handicraft industry→traditional industry→mordern industry), cultural and commerce ets.更多还原