【摘要】 脱氧核糖核酸 (简称DNA)是生物体内的一种具有双螺旋结构的遗传物质 .用DNA可以进行运算 ,即构成的DNA计算机能很快地求解复杂的问题 :以DNA编码为信息的载体 ,DNA计算机中的输入和输出设备都是DNA的链 ,用一系列二进制的数代表所求问题中的变量 ,用DNA中特有的寡核苷酸序列表示这些二进制的数 ,再将DNA利用分子生物学和化学组装技术组装到芯片上 ,利用DNA杂交化学方法 ,排除各种代表不正确解的寡核苷酸序列 ,最后通过聚合酶链式反应 (PCR)和各种检测技术读出保留在芯片上的DNA序列 .读出的DNA序列所代表的二进制数即为所求问题的解 .本文将从DNA运算过程入手 ,介绍DNA计算机的原理和DNA计算机的若干最新研究进展 .更多还原

【Abstract】 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA for short) is a kind of germ plasm with the structure of double helix. DNA computer with DNA operation can now solve difficult problems quite quickly, in which the input and output are both strands of DNA. In DNA computer, the word and number in computing could be encoded in DNA strands in the light of its character of information carrier, and the molecular biology techniques could be used to execute computation operations. The DNA computing comprises making of oligonucleotide sequence, attaching to chip, marking with complementary sequence, destroying the remaining (unmark) single stranded molecules and reading out the solution. The principle of DNA computer is introduced and some new developments in this field are reviewed.更多还原