【摘要】 本文采用结扎不育的方法研究了不育和“灭杀”对围栏内大仓鼠 (Cricetulustriton)实验种群繁殖力和数量的作用 ,主要验证模型的两个预测 :不育能够达到灭杀的效果 ;双性不育优于单性不育 ,同时探讨了大仓鼠种群调节中的关键因子。本实验设 4个处理 (2个重复 )来模拟 6 7%的不育率或灭杀率 :对照组 (9正常♂ ,9正常♀ ) ;灭杀组 (3正常♂ ,3正常♀ ) ;雌雄不育组 (3正常♂ ,6不育♂ ;3正常♀ ,6不育♀ ) ;雌性不育组(9正常♂ ;3正常♀ ,6不育♀ )。研究结果表明 :对照组和灭杀组的平均繁殖力接近且较高 ,雌性不育组居中 ,雌雄不育组最低。不育成体鼠与正常成体鼠、正常雄性成体鼠与正常雌性成体鼠、新生雄性与雌性幼鼠之间的存活率差异都不显著。新生幼鼠雌∶雄性比为 5 3∶49=1 0 816 ,与 1∶1无显著性差异。大仓鼠体重增长基本符合Logistic模型 ,不育雌鼠的体重相对增长率比正常雌鼠高 ,且最大体重也比正常雌鼠大 ;正常雌鼠的体重相对增长率比正常雄鼠较高。在食物和水分充分供应的情况下 ,围栏内种群密度的高低对雌鼠繁殖力的影响不大 ,说明食物可能是引起野外大仓鼠种群繁殖力变化的关键因素 ,而社群因素的作用不大。在围栏内 ,雄鼠的存活率比雌鼠略低 ,但幼鼠的存活率比成体鼠的存活率低很多 ;围栏?更多还原

【Abstract】 The effect of imposed sterility and culling on the reproductivity and population size of Ratlike hamster ( Cricetulus triton) in enclosures was studied by using surgical operation. This study aims to testify two modeling predictions: fertility control can achieve similar result as simple culling, and sterility of both sexes can achieve an extra result in reducing reproductivity of hamsters. The key factors in population regulation of the hamster were also discussed. The experiment was composed of 4 treatments, 2 replicates for each treatment: Control (9 normal males+9 normal females);Culling (3 normal males+3 normal females );Female and male sterility (3 normal males+3 normal females+6 sterile males+6 sterile females);Female sterility (9 normal males+3 normal females+6 sterile females). The results by using one way ANOVA analysis indicated that the average reproductivity of control group and culling group were higher than that of female sterility group, Female and male sterility group, and the average reproductivity of female sterility tended to be larger than that of female and male sterility. There were no significant difference between normal and sterile adults, females and males adults, male and female juveniles. The sex ratio of female:male is 53∶49=1 0816∶1,not significantly different from the ratio of 1∶1. The growth of body mass was well fit by logistic model. The relative growth rate of sterile female and the maximum body mass were larger than those of normal female. The relative growth rate of normal male was smaller than that of normal female. When food and water were abundant, the density dependent social factor did not affect the reproductivity, which implied that food instead of social factor might be the key factor in determining the change of reproductivity of the hamster in field. In the enclosures, the survival rate of males was lower than that of females and the survival rate of juveniles was obviously lower than that of adults. The survival rate of confined adults was very similar to that of adults in field, but the survival rate of the confined juveniles was obviously lower than that of juveniles in field. This implied that the impact of density dependent social pressure would affect the mortality, especially that of juveniles.更多还原