【摘要】 普氏原羚是中国的特有动物。 1986年在青海湖地区仅发现 35 0只普氏原羚 ,分布于鸟岛、湖东 克图和元者 3个种群之中。 1996～ 1998年 7月至 8月 ,我们沿设定的 10条样线对青海湖地区的普氏原羚进行了考察。调查样线总长度为 37 5 5km。观察记录距样线两侧 10 0m以内普氏原羚足迹链和狼足迹链、粪堆和尿迹。同时记录观察样线两侧 6 0 0m以内的普氏原羚个体 ,记录群体大小、性别和年龄 ,然后 ,计算单位样带面积上普氏原羚和狼的密度。 1997年湖东 克图种群雄羚占 2 9%、雌羚占 5 0 %和幼羚占 2 1% ;元者种群雄羚占 2 9%、雌羚占 43%和幼羚占 2 7%。狼捕食是 1997年湖东 克图种群数量下降的主要原因。在湖东 克图沙漠中 ,1996年普氏原羚群体大小为 9 0± 6 9只 (平均数±方差 ) ,密度为 3 19± 3 5 9只 /km2 ,而 1997年为 4 2± 3 9只 /km2 ,密度为 1 14± 1 0 9只 /km2 。 1997年冬季猎狼后 ,湖东 克图种群数量回升到 2 14± 3 13只 /km2 ,幼羚占群体的2 7%。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) is endemic to China. The historical distribution of the Przewalski’s gazelle covered an area in central and northwest China. It was reported that there were only some 350 Przewalski’s gazelles lived around the Qinghai lake in mid 1980’s. The critical status of the gazelle has aroused attention worldwide. The Species Surviving Commission of World Conservation Union ranked the status of the species as CR (critically endangered) in the IUCN 1996 Red List of Endangered Species. However, the ecology and status of the gazelle have never been documented thoroughly. To rescue this unique gazelle, we need to understand its population ecology and to find out the proximate causes accounting for the population declines in the species. We formed a research team in 1994 to monitor the behaviour and population dynamics of the Przewalski’s gazelle around Qinghai lake. New evidence indicated that Bird island population is now at the brink of extinction, while the other two populations are declining. In 1997, the Hudong Ketu population consisted of 29% males, 50% females and 21% juveniles; the Yuanzhe population consisted of 29% males, 43%of females and 27% of juveniles. Bird island population is threatened by habitat loss, desertification, wolf predation and poaching. Decline of Hudong Ketu population in 1997 is due primarily to wolf predation; compared with the Yuanzhe population, in which wolf predation was absent, the ratio of post reproductive season surviving juveniles to adult females was 20% lower. When the wolves were hunted down in 1998, the gazelle population increased. Yuanzhe population is facing lose of the habitat and poaching. Human activity and high juvenile mortality are major threats to survival of the Przewalski’s gazelle around Qinghai lake. Przewalski’s gazelle is a flagship species in the eastern part of the Qinghai Tibetan plateau, and also an indicating species of the ecotone between typical steppe and desert. Przewalski’s gazelle lives in a habitat with special biodiversity. We propose the following conservation measures: (1) to establish a special reserve for the Przewalski’s gazelle; (2) To establish a habitat corridor that links the Hudong Ketu and Yuanzhe populations; (3) To study the wolf gazelle relationship and to control the density of wolf in the area; (4) To actively search for other plausible living Przewalski’s gazelle population in other regions and to look for ex situ conservation sites.更多还原