【摘要】 从苹果树体上分离得到枯草芽孢杆菌 [Bacillussubtilis(Ehrenberg) Cohn]XM16颉颃菌株。室内测定其带菌培养液对 Alternaria alternata、Trichothecium roseum和 Fusarium sp.3种苹果霉心病主要病原的抑制作用均为 10 0 % ,而 XM16菌株 50倍的灭菌制剂 ,对上述 3种病菌的抑制效果分别为 92 .5%、86 .5%和 92 .2 %。其抑菌机理主要是使病菌孢子和菌丝畸变 ,细胞壁溶解 ,原生质泄漏。1997年和 1998年连续两年对苹果霉心病进行小区防治试验 ,北斗和红星品种霉心病的病果率分别为 6 .8%、6 .5%和 6 .0 %、5.4 % ,而对照的发病率分别为 4 8.0 %、4 5.5%和 50 .6 %、4 3.0 % ;XM16制剂处理的防治效果分别为 85.8%、85.7%和 88.1%、87.4 % ,明显高于化学药剂处理的 2 1.9%、30 .1%和 2 6 .9%、2 0 .9%的效果 ;两年的试验结果基本一致。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bacillus subtilis (Ehrenberg) Cohn XM16 strain was isolated from apple orchard. The inhibitory action to pathogenic fungi of Alternaria alternata、Trichothecium roseum and Fusarium sp. was 100% in lab. Fifty dilutions of XM16 antibiotic substance to the above 3 fungal pathogens were 92.5% and 86.5% and 92.2%, respectively. The antifungal mechanism was mainly deformation of the spore and cell of hypha and disintegration of the cell wall. The diseased fruit rate with XM16 were 6.8% and 6.5% or 6.0% and 5.4%, respectively in Hokuto and Starking in the fields in 1997 or 1998. Diseased fruit rate of CK were 48.0% and 45.5% or 50.6% and 43.0% in Hokuto and Starking the same years. The control efficacy with XM16 strain was better than chemical fungicide.更多还原