【摘要】 目的 :为枕颈融合器械内固定术提供解剖学基础。方法 :①测量 5 0块干燥完整的成人枕骨后下部 10cm× 5cm区域骨质厚度 ;② 3 0具头颈标本上测量横窦和窦汇的体表投影 ;③ 10具头颈标本分别做水平切面和矢状切面观测枕骨骨质构造。结果 :①枕骨厚度分布不规则 ,枕外隆凸处最厚 ,为 14 .3±2 .6( 11～ 17)mm ,外侧小脑窝处最薄 ,为 2 .5± 0 .7( 1.2～ 7.6)mm ,骨质厚度大于 8mm的区域为经过枕外隆凸中点的水平线左右各 2cm ,及枕外隆凸下 2 .6cm处的近似三角形区域 ;②窦汇的体表投影与枕外隆凸一致 ,左侧横窦主要位于上项线稍下方 ,右侧横窦主要位于上项线水平 ,横窦和窦汇大致位于上述三角形区域的深面 ;③枕骨骨质主要为致密的皮质骨。结论 :枕骨厚度的分布特点及重要的静脉窦的体表投影结果 ,对枕颈融合器械内固定术部位的选择具有实用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective:To provide anatomic basis for the instrument fixation of occipital cervical fusion.Methods:The thickness of the posterior inferior part of occipital, whose area is about 10 cm×5 cm, was measured on 50 dry adult skulls.The projections of transverse sinus and confluens sinuum were measured on 30 headcervical cadaver specimens.And the bone construction of occipital was observed and measured on transverse plane and sagittal plane of 10 adult head cervical specimens.Results:The distribution of the occipital thickness is irregular,the external occipital protuberance is the thickest place and the region of cerebellar fossa is the thinnest place, and thickness is 14.3±2.6(11～17) mm and 2.5±0.7(1.2～7.6) mm respectively. The area of the occipital where the thickness is thicker than 8 mm include a square are (4 cm×2 cm) with the external occipital protuberanceis the center and a triangle area that is 2.6 cm below the external occipital protuberance.The body surface projection of confluens sinnum was concorded with external occipital protuberance.Most of left transverse sinus were distributed slightly lower to the superior nuchal line.The bone covered transverse sinus and confluens sinuum was thick than 8 mm.Occipital is mainly composed of compact cortical bone.Conclusion:The resutls of occipital thickness distribution and body surface projection of venous sinus have practicability on choosing the location of instrument internal fixation of occipital cervical fusion.更多还原