【摘要】 为了掌握福建省各地计划免疫疫苗的损耗水平及其影响因素 ,以便指导疫苗概算和分配计划 ,为不同地区采取适当的接种方式提供科学依据 ,按不同地区、不同接种方式等分层随机抽查 9个县级单位、 5 4个乡级各种形式的接种点 ,统计各种疫苗损耗率。结果显示 :四种疫苗平均使用率为 5 4 0 2 % ,其中 :卡介苗为 2 8 6 5 % ,百白破混合制剂为 6 0 2 4% ,麻疹疫苗为49 5 0 % ,口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗为 6 9 93 %。乙型肝炎 (乙肝 )疫苗为 96 15 %。四种疫苗平均损耗系数在不同地域类型有显著差异 :城市最低 (1 70 ) ,沿海农村 (1 82 )次之 ,山区农村 (2 19)最高 ;分散式接种损耗系数 (2 2 3)明显高于村级集中接种 (1 96 )和乡级集中接种 (1 6 9) ;按日接种损耗系数 (1 93)、按周接种 (1 90 )和按月接种 (1 80 )差别较小 ;自费的乙肝疫苗损耗系数 (1 0 4)明显小于供应的四种疫苗。供应疫苗和超过 5人份大包装的疫苗是造成疫苗损耗的直接因素。提示应按不同地域类型计划分配疫苗 ,推广乡级集中式接种和依人口密度选择适当的接种周期是今后计划免疫管理的重点更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to know well the factors that affect the vaccine loss coefficient in different areas in Fujian Province, the stratfied random-sampling survey was conducted. The units selected included nine different counties and 54 townships, stratified by different geographical areas, different inoculation styles and vaccine supply ways. The results showed that average utilization rate of four vaccines was 54.02%, of which BCG 28.65%, DPT 60.24%, MV49.50%, OPV 69.93% and that of HBV was 96.15%. The loss coefficient of four vaccines in varied geographical areas were different, the highest (2.19) in mountain areas, the lowest (1.70) in cities, and the medium (1.82) in the coastal towns. The loss coefficient of decentralized inoculation style was higher (2.23) than the centralized inoculation style in towns (1.69) and in villages (1.96). There was little difference in loss coefficients of vaccination carried out by date (1.93) by week (1.90) and by month (1.80). The HBV (in payment ) loss coefficient (1.04) was smaller than the coefficient of nonpayment vaccines. The direct factor affecting vaccine wastage attributed to vaccine supply in nonpayment manner and vaccine packing form over doses for five persons. For the future, we propose to distribute vaccine according to various regions, to popularize centralization vaccination in township, and to select suitable vaccination cycle according to population density.更多还原