【摘要】 根据村级水平的社会经济调查和群落学的调查 ,对天然林下种植经济作物的社会效益和生态效益作出评估。天然林下种植蓝靛 ,茶叶作为一种传统知识 ,曾在历史上发挥过保护森林、利用森林的重要作用。现在的天然林下砂仁的种植在西双版纳的社会经济中又发挥着重要作用 ,为其它经济作物的发展奠定了基础。群落学的调查显示天然林下种植砂仁在生态上和自然保护方面的作用是双重的。一方面砂仁引入林下 ,引起热带季节性雨林、季雨林在结构简化、组成成分减少和改变、群落性质改变、更新能力下降等各方面的变化 ,对森林有破坏作用。另一方面 ,砂仁种植在集体林内又对林内现有树木的砍伐起到了一定的限制作用 ,使一部分森林不至于沦为皆伐地 ,它带来的经济效益也一定程度地缓解了自然保护区和周围农村之间的矛盾。在对待传统的天然林下种植知识方面 ,作者建议政府和科研部门发挥更为积极的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper studies three kinds of cash crop cultivation under natural forests in Baka, a Jinuo village next to Menglun Nature Reserve, in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Based on extensive research, the social and ecological effects of this type of agroforestry have been evaluated. In addition, its relationship to rural development, natural resources management and natural conservation has been analyzed according the intensive investigations carried out through rapid rural appraisal, interviews, participant observation, questionnaires, and sample plots surveys. The social and ecological surveys reveal that this cultivation has double-sided effects on the relationship between resource conservation and utilization. While traditional knowledge is often regarded as more effective for sustainable development, in this case, the results show it has negative effects on forest utilization and conservation.The surveys of several sample plots show that understory cultivation greatly influences natural forests structure, components, characteristics and regeneration ability. Participant observation , formal and informal interviews with farmers and local officials, and secondary data show that: 1) this cultivation pattern is still a major cash resource for local people; 2) it reduces logging, conversion of natural forest to farm land, and reduces the conflicts between local people and the nature reserve. The author suggests that this traditional knowledge should be more intensively studied and acknowledged. Additionally, cultivation in the core and buffer zones of the nature reserve should be prohibited to conserve biodiversity. Considering local needs for cash income, cultivation may be continued in the buffer zone and collective forest outside the nature reserve if more careful and positive measures are taken and productive techniques are studied and adopted both by local government and communities.更多还原