【摘要】 利用ＡｐａⅠ、ＡｖａⅠ、ＢａｍＨⅠ、ＢｃⅠ、ＢｇｌⅠ、ＢｇｌⅡ、Ｄｒａｌ、ＥｃｏＲⅠ、ＥｃｏＲⅤ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ、 ＫｐｎⅠ、 ＰｖｕⅡ、 ＳａｃⅠ、 ＳａｌⅠ、ＳｃａⅠ、 ＳｍａⅠ、 ＸｂａⅠ和 Ｘｈｏｌ １８种限制性内切酶的 ｍｔＤＮＡ限制 性片段长度多态（ＲＦＬＰ）分析，对我国双峰驼３个类群的遗传多样性及其亲缘关系进行了研 究。结果表明，在双峰驼ｍｔＤＮＡ中未发现长度变异和个体内异质现象；从３个类群的８７个个 体中，共检出了３５种限制性态型，１２种ｍｔＤＮＡ单倍型，家驼群内核苷酸歧异度（π）为０．２２７％， 这表明我国的家驼在ｍｔＤＮＡ水平存在较丰富的遗传多样性；单倍型分布的差异显著性检验 及单倍型的共享度分析表明，ｍｔＤＮＡ在这３个类群之间没有明显的遗传分化，其较丰富的遗 传变异主要来自群体内的差异，与类群间的遗传分化关系不大；通过ｍｔＤＮＡ单倍型间聚类分 析，可将家驼整个群体划分为Ａ、Ｂ两大类，Ａ型分布频率为９４．２６％，Ｂ型为５．７４％，且其分化程 度较高，遗传距离（Ｐ）为０. ０４６４。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 87 domestic camels from Gansu, Xingjiang and Inner Mongolia were analyzed. Totally 18 restriction endonucleases including Apa I, Ava I, BamH I, Bcl I, Bgl I, Bgl II, Dra I, EecoR I, EcoRY, Hind Ⅱ,Kpn I, Pvu II, Sac I, Sal I, Sca I, Sma I, Xba I and Xho I were used to investigate the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of camel mtDNA through Southern blotting to reveal the genetic diversity within three groups of domestic camel and the genetic relationships among the three domestic groups. The results indicated that the average molecular weight of camel mtDNA is 16.26±0.28kb, the camel mtDNA is inherited maternally and no variations and heteroplasmy are found in camel mtDNA. Among the 82 domestic camels, 35 restriction morph and 12 haplotypes were detected, and the value of average sequence variation within the domestic population (π) is 0.2273%, which showed a relatively rich genetic diversity existed in the domestic camels. From F-test of the haplotype distribution and comparison of the haplotype sharement between the 3 domestic camel groups, it was suggested that there is no obvious genetic divergence and that the rich genetic diversity comes from the variation among individuals instead of the genetic divergence between groups. All domestic camels could be divided into 2 types (A and B) with a significant genetic distance (P=0.0464).更多还原