【摘要】 目的进一步了解、掌握１９９８年洪灾对血吸虫病流行的影响，为今后抗洪防病预案的修订调整提供参考依据。方法选择１９９８年扩散（增加）钉螺面积和血吸虫急性感染（简称“急感”，下同）突出的县（市），对灾前、汛中、灾后血吸虫病防治工作情况回顾性调查，对１９９８年所报钉螺面积进行抽样复核，对全年急感病例进行核实；抽历史资料较完整的重灾疫区村进行病情、螺情调查。结果应城等县（市）的调查表明，均有因洪灾造成钉螺扩散（增加）面积，其中扩散（增加）率最低的为２．７５％，最多的６７．５９％，平均１９．７７％；人群血吸虫感染率最低为０，最高为２２．０８％，平均为１４．５７％；比１９９７年上升１．６８倍；急感发病４２８例，比１９９７年多３３１人，是１９９７年的４．４１倍；耕牛感染率最低为０，最高为３１．７０％，平均１７．７０％，比１９９７年上升１．６８倍。洪水造成钉螺扩散（增加）面积大小与洪水水势大小、持续时间长短、涝渍水质、破坏类型、历史有螺面积和现有螺面积大小及其地理特征有关。结论１９９８年洪灾对血吸虫病流行影响是严重的，对其后续影响不可低估。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives To make out the influence of 1998 flood on schistosomiasis epidemic, and to provide reference basis for adjusting the strategy of schistosomiasis control in and after flood in the future. Methods The counties (cities)that suffered from great flood in 1998 and where the diffusion of the snail area was obvious were selected. The situation of schistosomiasis control before, in and after the 1998 flood was investigated by retrospective method. The figures of the snail area were sampled and checked in 1998 and the cases of acute schistosomiasis were verified in the year. Sampling investigation was carried out on the schistosomiasis epidemic and snail areas in heavy endemic villages that had complete historical data. Results The diffusion of snail areas was increased in the five counties (cities). Among them, the lowest rate of diffusion was 2.75%, and the highest was 67.59%. The average was 19.77%. The lowest infection rate of schistosomiasis in human was zero, the highest was 22.08%, and the average was 14.57%. The increase in 1998 was 1.68 times as that in 1997. The acute schistosomiasis cases were 428 people that was 4.41 times as that in 1997. The lowest infection rate of the cattle was zero, the highest was 31.67%, and the average was 17.70%. It increased 1.68 times as that in 1997. The diffusion of the snail areas resulted from the flood was concerned with the flow of water, the duration of the flood, the flood water quality, the damage types, the geographical features and the original snail areas. Conclusion The 1998 flood exerted great influences on schistosomiasis epidemic. Owing to the schistosomiasis control effort, no heavy epidemic situation has happened after this great calamity. However, its follow-up influences on schistosomiasis epidemic can not be underestimated.更多还原