【摘要】 两个不同穗型的冬小麦品种 :多穗型品种济南 16和大穗型品种鲁麦 2 2 ,在冠层结构、光合特性、干物质积累运转等方面存在较大的差异 ,济南 16上部节间相对较长 ,株高构成指数 I值较大。鲁麦 2 2上三叶面积、长宽比、夹角较小。济南 16冠层光截获大于鲁麦 2 2 ,而鲁麦 2 2下层相对光强较大。生育期内小麦群体光合速率的变化呈单峰型曲线 ,济南 16始终高于鲁麦 2 2 ,而鲁麦 2 2平均单茎光合速率占一定优势。群体和单茎呼吸速率的变化趋势及品种间差异同光合相似 ,但峰值出现时间晚于光合。产量形成主要靠花后光合产物 ,而济南 16花前产物在中后期向穗部运转能力较强。促进和延长灌浆期间的群体光合速率有利于产量进一步提高。对两种穗型小麦品种进一步改良的有关问题进行了讨论更多还原

【Abstract】 Two winter wheat cultivars with different spike type which were larg e spike type cultivar Lumai 22 and small spike type cultivar Jinan 16, were us ed to study their canopy architecture, photosynthetic characteristics and dry matte r production and translocation. Significant cultivar differences were observed fo r all the above characters. Jinan 16 was characterized by shorter plant height,r elatively longer upper internodes,and larger I value. Lumai 22 had smaller leaf areas,length/width,and angle of upper three leaves. Multiple action of above dif ferences and plant population resulted in more light interception for Jinan 16 a nd higher relative light intensity at lower canopy portion for Lumai 22. The dyn amic change of canopy apparent photosynthesis (CAP) rate for two cultivars durin g the growth period appeared to be a single peak curve with Jinan 16 being alwa y s higher. As for apparent photosynthesis rate per stem,Lumai 22 was somewhat sup erior to Jinan 16. The results also indicated that the pattern of dynamic change of canopy respiration rate as well as respiration rate per stem was almost as s ame as photosynthesis,although change curve of respiration rate reached peak val ue a little later than the former. The grain yield of Lumai 22 was mainly depend ent on products of photosynthesis after anthesis, while Jinan 16 showed greater a bility to translocate dry matter produced before anthesis into spike during fill ing stage. The enhancement and maintenance of the CAP rate during the filling st age could lead to increase in grain yield.更多还原