【摘要】 不管农田固有的空间差异 ,采用单一方法进行管理 ,是当前普遍采用的一种传统管理方式 .由于农业机械化的需要 ,地块越来越大 ,这就使这种管理方式的弊端日趋严重 .精确农业 precision farming 是在信息技术支撑下的一种新型管理方式 ,它可以使经营者更深刻地理解和精确地控制农场的生产状况 .精确农业的核心是对变化因素进行管理 .最明显的变化因素有三个 :空间 spatial 、时间 temporal 和预测 predictive .空间因素可以看成是沿农田位置的变化 ,时间因素是年复一年的变化 ,而预测因素则是预测值和实际值之间的差异 .首先 ,要对这些变化因素进行度量 ,然后 ,对它们加以研究理解 ,以便应用到实际管理中去 .应该强调 ,开发创新、理论和实践的一致性 ,是精确农业成功的基础 .实施精确农业 ,不但需要即时、精确的信息 ,而且也需要新一代农业耕作软件更多还原

【Abstract】 Traditional arable management practice has developed towards managing fields uniformly and has tended to ignore the inherent spatial variability found on most farms. This has been exacerbated by the increase of field size due to pressures from mechanisation. Precision farming is management practice that has been enabled by the advent of applicable Information Technologies and provides the framework within which arable managers can more accurately understand and control what happens on their farms.The management of variability lies on the heart of precision farming. Three forms of variability have become apparent, spatial, temporal and predictive. Spatial variability can be seen as changes across the field, temporal variability shows up as changes from year to year, and predictive variability is the discrepancy between the predicted and actual values. First the variability must be measured, then understood before management becomes practical. Furthermore, the development and adoption of coherent strategies and practices are seen as fundamental to the success of Precision Farming. To support this process accurate and timely information is needed as well as a new generation of arable software.更多还原