【摘要】 对我国北方 2 6个样点及 2 0个国外扁桃分布区的 1 0项气候要素进行主成分分析和模糊聚类 ,结果表明 :1温度与热量、降水及其季节性分配 (雨型 )是决定扁桃引种栽培的主要气候因素。适于扁桃生长的气候因子指标为 :无霜期 ( >2 0 0 d)、年平均气温 ( >1 2℃ )、温暖指数 ( 1 1 3～ 1 67)、≥ 1 0℃积温 ( 40 0 0～ 60 0 0℃ )、寒冷指数 ( <-2 5)、生长期降水量 ( <2 0 0 mm)、生产期干燥度指数 ( <2 .0 )、年日照时数 ( >2 50 0 h)。与扁桃的中心栽培区相比 ,生长季节热量不足、干热条件不匹配是我国北方各省引种扁桃所面临的普遍问题。2依据不同的水热条件 ,可将 4 6个样点划分为 6个气候类型。其中 ,适宜扁桃生长的气候类型有 2类 ,即地中海式气候区及中亚 -西亚暖温带干燥气候区 ,我国仅有新疆的喀什地区属此类气候类型。我国其它样点分属 2类引种扁桃较困难的气候类型。第 1类为热量不足地区 ,包括属于温带半湿润气候区的大连、天水、庆阳、平凉、太原 ;温带干旱半干旱气候区的兰州、银川、乌鲁木齐、武威、白银、张掖 ;和寒温带半湿润气候区的榆中、呼和浩特、西宁。第 2类为热量适宜但生长季节湿度过高地区 ,包括暖温带半湿润气候区的北京、天津、石家庄、青岛、济南、郑州、西安、徐州。更多还原

【Abstract】 Multivariate techniques have been applied to the climate conditions of 46 selected sample plots.The result shows that temperature and heat,precipitation and its distribution among the seasons(rainy type)are the critical climatic factors to determine the introduction and cultivation of almond,specifically,frost free period(>200d),Kira’s warmth index(113～167),annual mean temperature(>12℃),≥10℃ accumulated temperature(4000～6000℃),Kira’s coldness index(>-25),Kira’s humidity/aridity index for growing period(<2.0),precipitation during the growing period(<200mm)and duration of sunshine(>2500h).Comparing with the original regions of cultivated almond,inadequate for accumulated temperature and discordant climate conditions between aridity and heat is the common problem for China to introduce almond.According to the climate conditions of temperature and aridity/humidity,the studied 46 sample plots can be divided into 6 climate types.There are two climate types suitable for growing almond,namely,Mediterranean type of climate and central western Asia warm temperature arid climate.Kashi district,Xingjiang,is the only region in China,which is in part of this climate type.Other sample plots in China belong to the other two climate types which somewhat unsuitable for introducing almond.the first group is characterized by inadequate for accumulated temperature,which includes Tianshui,Dalian,Qingyang,Pingliang,Taiyuan(moderate temperature semi humid climate);Lanzhou,Yinchuan,Wulumuqi,Wuwei,Baiyin,Zhangye(moderate temperature arid or semi arid climate);Yuzhong,Huhehaote and Xining(cold temperature semi humid climate).The second group has adequate accumulated temperature but its growing period is too humid.These areas includes Beijing,Tianjin,Shijiazhuang,Qingdao,Ji′nan,Zhengzhou,Xi′an,Xuzhou(Warm temperature semi humid climate).更多还原