【摘要】 反都市现象是 ２０世纪美国文学中的一股主流，作家们以不同的文学形式和手法抨击和揭露资本主义都市文明的弊端和现代科学技术对人性的摧残，同时表达了他们对大自然和田园生活的眷念以及对原始回归的向往，这种原始主义思想源于他们头脑中积淀的集体无意识，体现了他们力图寻求祖先的原始精神，从而达到精神上的超越和拯救。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Anti-Urban phenomenon has been the main trend of American literature in the 20th Century. Using various literary forms and writing techniques, the writers attacked and exposed the evils of the capitalist urban civilization and the distorted human nature caused by the modern scientific technology, and, at the same time, expressed their nostalgic feelings to the nature and idyllic life and their yeaning for primitive return. This primitivism came from the memory of the human race preserved in their subconscious minds , and it showed that the writer’s strived to find out the ancestor’s primitive spirit, so as to get their spiritual transcendence and salvation.更多还原