【摘要】 介绍了用转基因技术改变牛乳组成成分的现状及所面临的挑战。目前牛乳中主要酪蛋白、β 乳清蛋白、β 乳球蛋白基因已经定位、测序 ,其中α 乳清蛋白基因和部分β 乳球蛋白基因已经在小鼠中组织特异性地表达 ;通过转基因技术已使牛乳中乳糖、主要过敏原 β 乳球蛋白和α 乳白蛋白的含量减少以适应特殊消费人群。虽然已有大量外源基因在反刍和啮齿类动物中表达 ,但低且随机的基因整合、来源少且存活率低的活体胚胎及实验探索中的巨额花费仍是制约基因技术发展的主要因素 ,当前已建立的BELE山羊对加速转基因技术广泛应用奶业将起到重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article reviewed current status and challenges toward altering milk composition of cattle by transgenic manipulation.To date the genes encoding the following milk protein of cattle:the casein,the whey proteins,αlactabumin,βlactogloblin have been cloned and (partially) sequenced.Recently a bovine mammary gland epithelial cell line MAC-T has been isolated that is capable of expressing all of the casein genes.A lot of valuable genes have been espressed in control of different animals,including mice,goats,cattle,pigs and so on,however,the transgenic technique will remain a severe limitation until inefficiencies of transgenic manipulation ,low rates of gene integration,poor embryo survival and extraordinary expense on experiment are overcome.BELE goat model is a promoter to apply transgenic technique in dairy industry.更多还原