【摘要】 为满足小卫星设计要求 ,针对重力梯度稳定微小卫星 ,建立了其大角度姿态机动的动力学模型 ,并应用Pontryagin极大值原理进行了最优控制问题的研究。同时 ,将遗传算法引入卫星姿态控制的数值计算中 ,求解最短时间控制问题和能量最优控制问题 ,发展了一种新的最优控制问题的计算方法 ,避免了对迭代初值进行猜测的困难 ,提高了计算效率。以“清华一号”微小卫星为算例进行了数值仿真计算 ,得到了卫星姿态角度和反作用飞轮控制力矩的变化规律更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper analyzes attitude control of small satellites to determine optimal large angle attitude maneuvers for gravity gradient stabilized with three reaction wheels. The satellite attitude dynamics equations were solved by using Euler parameters to determine the gravity gradient torque and wheel motor torque. The necessary conditions for optimum solutions subject to the performance index were obtained using Pontryagin’s principle. Methods for calculating the optimal solution of the minimum time attitude slewing motion and the energy optimal problems were obtained using Genetic Algorithm, which does not need initial guesses and increases the calculational efficiency. As a numerical example, the optimal control problem was analyzed for the micro satellite “Tsinghua 1”. The resulting two point boundary value problem is solved numerically with an optimal slew illustrated by example.更多还原