【摘要】 15个不同细胞质“中国春”小麦与八倍体小偃麦杂交 ,杂种F1减数分裂的染色体行为表明 :普通小麦与天蓝偃麦草的F或E组染色体之间存在着部分同源关系 ;D2 型细胞质促进部分同源染色体配对、但却抑制同源染色体配对 ;Sv 型细胞质对同源染色体或部分同源染色体的配对均有抑制作用 ;G型细胞质促进同源染色体配对。1 5个不同细胞质“中国春”小麦与六倍体小偃麦杂交 ,F1结实率很低 ,减数分裂中期的染色体行为混乱 ,单价体过多 ,或许意味着在天蓝偃麦草 (Elytrigiain termedium)与长穗偃麦草 (E .elongatum)的E组染色体之间存在着很大差别。随着回交代数的增加 ,选出G型、D2 型、Mt 型、Mu 型等细胞质雄性不育的八倍体小偃麦品系 ,其中D2 型细胞质八倍体小偃麦具有光周期敏感性雄性不育的特征 ;G型细胞质“远中 3”育性正常 ,表明八倍体小偃麦“远中 3”的E组染色体中存在G型胞质的育性恢复基因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Summary Chromosome pairing in the meiotic metaphase I of the pollen mother cells was studied using the F 1 hybrids between alloplasmic lines of common wheat, Triticum aestivum var. Chinese Spring (genome constitution AABBDD), as female and octoploid trititrigia (AABBDDEE or AABBDDFF) or hexaploid trititrigia (AABBEE) in order to know the effect of alien cytoplasm on meiotic chromosome behavior. Chromosome pairing in the hybrids of the cross-combinations (genome constitution AABBDDE or AABBDDF, or AABBDE) was ascribed to both the homologous and homoeologous chromosome pairing. The experiment shows that there is a homoeologous relationship between genomic members of common wheat and that of F or E genome. D 2 type cytoplasm promotes homoeologous but inhibits homoeologous chromosome pairing. S v cytoplasm inhibits both homologous and homoeologous pairing. G-cytoplasm promotes homologous pairing. In the hybrids between alloplasmic Chinese Spring and hexaploid trititrigia, there was low seed-set rate and a confused meiosis, this maybe implies difference exists between E two genomes from Elytrigia intermedium and from E. Elongatum. G-, D 2-, M t- and M u-type cytoplasmic male sterile octoploid trititrigia lines has been selected following backcrosses, and in these lines, the D 2-cytoplasmic octoploid trititrigia possess a character of photoperiod sensitive male sterile; A normal fertility of G-cytoplasmic "Yz-3" means exist of G-type fertility restorer gene in the E genome of octoploid trititrigia line, "Yz-3".更多还原