【摘要】 对 1 5年来在云南观察到的开花竹子 61种、2 3属进行开花结实现象和类型分析。指出竹子的开花结实现象可以分为全体成片开花、零星开花 ;开花至死、开花不死、开花至死与开花不死并存 ;开花后结实、开花后不结实等类型。结果首次发现 ,竹子的开花、结实类型与竹种是否为野生种或栽培种密切相关 ,也与竹子属级的分类群密切相关。具体表现在 :( 1 )在全体成片开花的竹种中野生种的比例高达 88% ,在零星开花的种类中栽培种的比例为 64 %。 ( 2 )梨藤竹属、空竹属、滇竹属、思劳竹属、薄竹属、大节竹属、悬竹属、贡山竹属等是全体开花的类型 ;泡竹属、刺竹属、牡竹属、慈竹属等是零星开花的类型。 ( 3 )梨藤竹属、空竹属、滇竹属、思劳竹属、薄竹属、牡竹属、慈竹属、悬竹属等是开花后死亡类型 ;新小竹属、刺竹属、大节竹属等是开花不死亡类型 ;箭竹属、刚竹属则开花死亡和开花不死亡两种情况都有。 ( 4)野生竹种的结实率高达 79%以上 ,栽培竹种的结实率只是 2 7%左右。这意味着绝大多数的野生竹种能依靠种子繁衍后代 ,而多数载培竹种损失了靠种子繁衍后代的能力。采用竹子开花的环境内因说可以较好地解释竹子开花的种种现象 ,即竹子生长到生理成熟年龄是导致竹子开花的主要内因 ,环境因素可以在一定程度上?更多还原

【Abstract】 Sixty\|one bamboo species belonging to twenty\|three genera in Yunnan which had been in flowering and fruit bearing in past fifteen years were recorded in this paper.The study shows for the first time that the flowering and fruit bearing phenomena of bamboos closely relate to their living states,wild or cultivated,and also are connected with their taxonomical position in genus level.The main points are as follows.(1)Around 88% wild bamboo species are in the type of flowering wholly.On the contrary,64% cultivated bamboo species are in the type of flowering fragmentarily.(2)Furthermore,the most bamboo species in the genera of Melocalamus,Schizostachyum,Cephalostachyum, Gigantochloa,Indosasa,Ampelocalamus act.are in the type of flowering wholly,and the most bamboo species in the genera of Bambusa,Dedrocalamus,Neosinocalamus,Pseudostachyum act.are in the type of flowering fragmentarily.(3)The most species in the genera Melocalamus,Schizostachyum,Gigantochloa,Cephalostachyum,Ampelocalamus act.are dead after flowering.And those in Neomicrocalamus,Bambusa,Indosasa act.are deadless after flowering.(4)About 79% wild bamboo species could bear fruits after flowering,only 27% in cultivated species.It means that most wild bamboo species can reproduce naturally by seeds,and most cultivated bamboo species have lost their ability to multiply by sexsual reproduction.The authors here try to explain the flowering phenomena of bamboo in the viewpoint\|Environment\|Endopathic Presumpution.It is considered that bamboo will flower when they grow to physiological maturity.The evironmental factors could affect the course of bamboo flowering,such as advancing,delaying or terminating the flowering.The this kind of effect,however,can only occur in the period during which bamboo has almost developed to physiological maturity.更多还原