【摘要】 用血管铸型法观察研究牛蹄血管构型 ,结果是 :牛蹄与马蹄在血管构型上有所不同 ,牛向蹄部供血的主要动脉没有和向心回流的主要静脉伴行。指掌 (趾背 )侧第 3总动脉在指 (趾 )间隙中央位置以最短的途径即分支向内、外指 (趾 )蹄部供血。蹄真皮静脉网逐级向蹄冠部静脉汇集 ,从蹄的外周主要通过指掌 (趾跖 )远轴侧静脉和指 (趾 )背静脉向心回流。牛蹄血管的这种构型 ,便于动脉血向蹄内灌注和静脉血向心回流。通过观察运动中牛蹄的各部变化 ,牛蹄发挥着重要的血泵功能 ,牛蹄血管构型与牛蹄构造机能相适应 ,使血泵功能充分发挥。指掌侧第 3总动脉和趾背侧第3总动脉进入指 (趾 )间隙途径的不同 ,使前、后肢指 (趾 )枕动脉的发源部位有所不同。指掌侧第 3总静脉 ,是由连接第 3指和第 4指掌远轴侧静脉的横交通支中部发出 ;没有观察到汇合指掌侧第 3总静脉的第 3、第 4指掌轴侧静脉。牛在远指 (趾 )节骨内 ,没有终动脉弓 ,只观察到第 3、第 4指掌 (趾背 )轴侧固有动脉在远指 (趾 )节骨角状管内伸延中形成的折转角 ;移行的折转固有动脉出远指 (趾 )节骨后 ,形成分支与指 (趾 )枕动脉等血管的分支吻合 ,形成血管网更多还原

【Abstract】 The pattern of cattle hoof vessels was studied by using a method known as vascular casting model. The results showsed that the main arteriae providing blood to hoof aren’t accompained with the main veins flowing towards the heart, a digitalis palmaris (dorsalis) communis Ⅲ prociedes blood to inner and outer digital hooves in the shortest and same way in the center between digits. The corium vein nets assemble in coronary vein progressively and flow towards the heart from periphery of hoof majorly by passing v. digitalis palmaris (plantans) abaxialis and v. digitalis dorsalis. This pattern of cattle hoof vessels is convenient for arterial bloods entering into hoof and venous blood flowing into hesrt. By observing the change for each part of the hoof during motion, cattle hooves play an inportant role as blood pamp, the pattern of cattle hoof vessels if fit in with their own function and makes the blood pump give full plays. The different way for entering between digiti of a digitalis palmaris communis Ⅲ and a digitalis dorsalis communis Ⅲ makes a tori digitalis have different originating position in fore and hind legs. Adigitalis dorsalis communis and extending respectively along digitales dorsalis Ⅲ et Ⅳ were not observed in fore legs. V.digitalis parmaris communis Ⅲ originate form the center of the bridge between vv. digitales palmares Ⅲ et Ⅳ abaxiales. Vv. digitales palmres Ⅲ et Ⅳ axiales converging in v. digitalis parmaris communis Ⅲ weren’t observed. There isn’t arcus terminalis in phalangis distalis, any diverting angles which are formed by aa. digitales palmares propriae Ⅲ et Ⅳ axalse extending in angle vessels in phalangis distalis wrer observed, blood vessel nets are formed by brandies of a. digitalis deverting propriae out of phalangis distalis and those of a. tori digitalis and so on.更多还原