【摘要】 造山带与沉积盆地是大陆上最基本的两个构造单元 ,具有盆山转换和盆山耦合的地质特征。造山作用主要体现为逆冲作用和走滑作用 ,造山带逆冲推覆作用所产生的构造负荷是前陆盆地生长的构造动力 ,控制前陆盆地的沉降 ,形成可容空间 ,并提供物源 ,导致盆地的沉降和物源在垂直造山带方向的迁移 ;造山带走滑作用不仅控制造山带内走滑挤压盆地的形成 ,而且控制前陆盆地的沉降和物源在平行造山带方向的迁移 ,以及盆地的抬升与侵蚀。沉积盆地地层记录是研究和再造造山带造山作用的窗口 ,本文总结了利用沉积响应再造造山带造山作用的不同尺度的地层标识 ,它们是 :盆地充填地层格架、不整合面、构造层序、粗碎屑楔状体、相及沉降中心的迁移、沉积物特征碎屑组分的变化、沉积物通量和沉积速率的增减、河流梯度、前缘隆起 ,以及放射性测量与裂变径迹年代测定。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Sedimentary basin and orogenic belt are con si dered as two basic and essential tectonic units with basin-mountain transformat ion and basin-mountain coupling. Two kinds of orogeny have been recognized. One is the thrusting which causes orogenic load and creates a subsiding foreland ba sin; the other is the strike-slipping which forms the transpressional basin and causes the uplift and erosion of foreland basin. In order to understand the rela tionship of sedimentary basin and orogeny and to recover the history of orogeny, the stratigraphic signatures of thrusting and strike-slipping have been summar ized as follows: filling stratigraphic framework; unconformities; the appearanc e of conglomerate weldge; the migrations of subsidence; facies and conglomerate; tectonic sequence; history of tectonic subsidence; the changes of diagnostic cl asts of sandstone and conglomerate; the changes of sedimentation budget and rate ; stream profile ; drainage analysis and so on.更多还原