【摘要】 目的　研究列车乘务员寿命水平、疾病特征及主要死因对寿命的损耗 ,为进一步探讨影响列车乘务员健康状况的因素、控制和预防其职业多发病提供依据。方法　运用职业寿命表的方法研究其寿命水平 ,对哈尔滨、齐齐哈尔铁路分局客运段的男、女性乘务员 (共 395 5 3人年 )进行了调查 ,以同期、同地居民为对照。结果　乘务员的职业人群寿命与其职业因素有关。其群体健康水平明显低于同期当地居民 ,前 3种死因顺位依次为恶性肿瘤、脑血管病和心血管病 ;去除前 3种主要死因后 ,乘务员的平均期望寿命的增量高于居民。结论　提示乘务员作业可导致死亡危险性增加 ,尤其是恶性肿瘤的增加。应加强乘务员医疗保健 ,改善工作环境 ,则可望提高其群体健康水平、延长寿命。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the life expectancy and disease characteristics and the life loss by main causes of death in railway attendants, and to provide basis for disease control and prevention of occupational diseases. Methods By means of using the method of occupational life expectancy to analyze the level of life, with the local inhabitants of the same time as the control group, the staff in railway branch are investigated. Results The railway staff occupational life expectancy is correlated with the factors of their production and living. The general health level of the railway staff is obviously lower than that of control group. The first three causes of death are cancer, cerebral vascular diseases and cardiovascular diseases. The increment of the life expectancy of them is higher than that of the controls after eliminating the first three causes of death. Conclusion The study shows that the job conditions can increase the death risk,especially that from cancer. It suggests that the medical health care for railway attendants should be strengthened and working environment be improved to upgrade their health level and elongate their life span.更多还原