【摘要】 话语理解的过程实质上就是要实现话语的连贯。只有当受话人按照说话人所希望的意义去理解并在此意义基础上实现话语连贯，语言交流才可以说获得了成功。认知语言学发展了两个重要理论来解释语言理解：相关性理论和先验图式理论。前者侧重于阐释话语理解的过程，后者则侧重于人类的知识结构。缺省推理理论的提出就是从认知角度来解释连贯现象的一种尝试：读者或听话人在遇到一个语段时，总是在充分理解之前就已激活某种缺省预设，从而个人不同的观念通过语言得以沟通。缺省预设是语言理解的前提和心理基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Understanding a piece of language means to establish its intended coherence. The cognitive approach to the problem of language understanding has generated two important theories: the relevance theory and the schema theory, with the former concentrating on process and the latter on schemata. The Theory of Reasoning by Default is put,forward to interpret the phenomenon of discourse coherence: when meeting a discourse, the reader/listener will have stimulated some default assumption before a full comprehension, and thereby, different views are communicated through language. Default assumption is the prerequisite:nd psychological basis Of understanding a piece Of language.更多还原