【摘要】 目的探讨载人舱室适宜的预冷温度 ,以预防或减缓发射、返回段航天器内高温对人体的不利影响。方法 5名健康男性青年按着航天服时不通风和以通风流率 1 0 0L/min(STPD)通风等不同着装条件 ,在舱温 1 5、l0、5℃环境中进行 2 5人次实验。测量直肠温度 (Tr)、平均皮温 (Tsk)和平均体温 (Tb)等热生理指标。结果在舱温 1 5℃航天服通风和不通风状态 ,实验 2h内人体直肠温度降低不显著 (从初始值 37.0± 0 .2℃降为 36.7± 0 .3℃ ) ,平均体温、平均皮温显著降低 (P <0 .0 5) ,受试者有局部的冷紧张 ;而在舱温和通风温度 1 0℃时 ,受试者热生理指标随时间延长不断降低 ,直肠温度从 37.0± 0 .3℃显著下降至 36.3± 0 .3℃ ,Tsk、Tb 显著低于初始值 (P <0 .0 5) ,受试者有全身性冷紧张。结论按人体热舒适状态无显著改变的要求 ,航天器座舱预冷后维持 1 5℃气温对人体较为适宜。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To explore a space craft precooling temperature at which excessive thermal stress on the crew member could be prevented or reduced in an overheated launch or reentry module. Method Five young male volunteers wearing a space suit participated in 25 tests at sea level.The space suit was either ventilated in a volume air flow rate of 100 L/min (STPD) with ambient air at temperatures (T a) of 15℃,10℃,and 5℃,respectively,or not ventilated. Rectal (T r),mean skin (T sk ) and mean body (T b) temperatures were measured. Result At T a 15℃,T r decreased without significance (from 37.0±0.2℃to 36.7±0.3℃) in 120-min tests,whereas T sk and T b decreased significantly,and subjects had local cold strain whether the space suit was ventilated or not; while at T a 10℃,T r decreased from 37.0±0.3℃ to 36.3±0.3℃(P<0.05),subjects had a whole body cold strain,and both T sk and T b dropped continuously and significantly. Conclusion Ambient temperature 15℃,at which the thermal comfort states of crew was not significantly degraded,was acceptable after precooling in a space craft.更多还原