【摘要】 介绍了一种不同于传统的把石油体系看作分子溶液的概念 ,看作胶体分散体系。在分散相大小、光学性质、电学性质及稳定性方面与胶体体系的相似点进行了比较 ,并对几种比较流行的石油分散体系的物理化学模型进行了描述。介绍了以石油分散体系理论为基础的强化蒸馏和强化催化裂化 ,添加剂种类、最佳加入量及产生的效果等。在适当的强化添加剂加入量下 ,可以达到提高常减压蒸馏拔出率 ,改善催化裂化产品分布 ,提高轻油收率 ,降低焦炭产率的效果 ,并对其机理进行了论述。还介绍了几种确定体系的活化状态的方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 A new concept that the petroleum system was thought as a colloid disperse system was introduced, which was different from the traditional concept that the petroleum system was thought as a molecular solution. The petroleum system had some similar features to the colloid system in the radium of dispersed phase, optics, electricity and stability. Several popular physicochemical models were introduced on the basis of these. The applications of this theory in the industry, the intensified distillation and the intensified catalytic cracking, were introduced with the kind of additives, optimal quantity of additives and the result of the experiment. It shows that a certain additive could change the dispersion degree of the petroleum disperse system and enhance the atmosphere-vacuum distillation of crude oil, improve the distribution of the product, enhance the catalytic cracking. Several theories of the intensified distillation and the intensified catalytic cracking were discussed. The methods that how to measure the activity state of the petroleum system were also introduced.更多还原