【摘要】 1997年 1 2月～ 1 998年 1 1月 ,对杭州市区 6类湿地 1 79个样方中水鸟的分布和数量进行了调查。同时选取 1 1个栖息地参数进行分析 ,以确定影响杭州市湿地水鸟群落的主要因子 ;并提出了城市化综合指数可作为衡量城市化的指标 ,进一步分析了城市化与杭州市湿地水鸟群落的关系。结果显示 ,除了食物、水质和水深等因素外 ,景观水平和干扰的因素 (湿地的形状、周围建筑的比例、湿地的连通性、至市中心的距离、噪音、人的有形干扰 )对杭州市湿地水鸟的分布、密度和多样性也具有不同程度的影响。食物的多样性和人的有形干扰是决定全年水鸟多样性的最重要因子。分析表明 ,水鸟的密度和多样性均随着城市化程度的提高而下降。部分水鸟对城市化产生了一定的适应性 ,但不存在真正适应城市化的种类。更多还原

【Abstract】 The distribution and abundance of waterbirds on 6 kinds of wetlands in Hangzhou were surveyed between December in 1997 and November in 1998.Eleven habitat characteristics were selected to determine the factors influencing wetland waterbird communities,and urbanization synthetical index so as to explore the impacts of urbanization on the waterbird communities.Other than food,water pollution and water depth,the habitat characteristics of landscape level (wetland shape,percent of surrounding building,wetland connectivity,distance to city center) and disturbance (noise and human disturbance) also showed strong relationships with species distributions,densities or diversities.Diversity of food and human disturbance played the significant roles in determining the variety of waterbird species diversity all year round.Species density and diversity decreased with increasing urbanization.Although some species showed a little adaptation to urbanization,there was no real adapted species.更多还原