【摘要】 本文从宇宙的起源出发、用核化学的观点分析了太阳上发生的核反应 ,进而讨论了不同质量区内化学元素的形成过程。中等质量的核素成因有三 :核反应、核衰变和核裂变。对放射性核素的研究表明 :宇宙中存在的放射性核素起源于星子的内核。地核的组成是“粒子溶液” ,它是处在超高温度和压力环境中、无个性基本粒子密集体。现有的年龄测定方法 ,大多数都是以放射性衰变规律为基础、用两个特定时间所存在的原子数目来计算年龄 ,因此 ,要求选用作为时计的核素具有足够长的寿命 ,同时还要有明确的起始时刻和原子的数目。更多还原

【Abstract】 The origin of the elements has been discussed with nuclear reaction in the solar system. The elements created from several nuclear procedures according to different mass of the nuclei. For the light nuclei, fusion nuclear reactions are major nuclear procedure in the sun, such as helium created by hydrogen burning. For those nuclei that have middle mass, there are two ways to be created, one is neutron radiation capture plus beta decay including fast and slow processes, the other is fission by the heavier nuclei. It is very interesting that the radioactive nuclei with long life are found in the events of explosion of supernova. The author suggests that there is a matter in the core of protostars, which has high-density at super high pressures and temperatures and is composed of the basic particles with non-characteristic as an equal state, named as “particle solution”. Because this matter contains various particles, it could play a role of solvent or solute and has a variable form in the center of the star. It is easy to create nucleus immediately when the environment changes. As pressure decreases, the volume will expand, the solution will relax, the particle or a group particles will leave from the solution, then super heavy nuclei will be formed. This process is producing in the surface of the Earth′s core; parts of the heavy nuclei will diffuse to the mantle and then to the Earth′s crust. Therefore, the radioactive elements on the Earth should come from two ways: One is from the interstellar matter such as galaxy, stars etc.; the other is from the Earth′s core.\;At present, the methods of dating are based on the principle of the radioactive decay. It is a nice clock in the nature. There are many conditions in dating technique.The correct result comes from your sample and technique that satisfy all conditions of the selected dating technique. For example, the Earth′s age was determined by means of uranium-lead method. It is very clear that the following conditions must be satisfied:(1) all of the uranium-238 atoms must comes from the same time of the birth of the Earth; (2) all of the lead-206 atoms must comes from the uranium-238 decay during the Earth′s age; (3) the same age should be obtained by using same technique, even the rock samples come from different areas in the Earth.\;Unfortunately, there is no evidence to prove that the above three conditions can be satisfied. For Pb, there are thirty-six isotopes, and only 204 Pb, 206 Pb, 207 Pb and 208 Pbare stable, but all of these stable isotopes can react with neutron and gamma ray to produce new nuclei with different mass. Therefore, we can not say that all the atoms of 206 Pb come from the mother nucleus 238 U. Since it is so clouding on the origin of the Earth and the radioactive elements, there is no reason to do the Earth′s dating with the radioactive elements. The Earth′s ages reported in many publications are actually the half life of 238 U, and their differences are the errors from different laboratories.$$$$更多还原