【摘要】 为了进一步了解流行性乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗的接种安全性，掌握其免疫效果及免疫持久性，本研究有代表性地抽取2岁以内婴幼儿359名，并将其分为两组，分别接种乙脑灭活疫苗和动脑减毒活疫苗。经现场观察证实，两种疫苗接种后，仅极个别出现轻度接种反应，无严重反应发生，因而两种疫苗均是安全的。采用前瞻性方法研究其免疫学效果发现，基础免疫后，两种疫苗所产生的血清抗体达60％左右，但仅能维持1年，第2年需加强免疫，之后，抗体阳性率迅速提高至90％以上，减毒活疫苗高于灭活疫苗，抗体平均滴度也大为提高。经过2～3年的间隔期减毒活疫苗的抗体阳性率尚维持在80％和70％，而灭疫苗已下降在近50％和35％，提示减毒活疫苗具有更好的免疫学效果、更少的接种次数和接种剂量，适宜于大面积推广应用。根据观察结果，我们认为，乙脑灭活疫苗免疫，应基础免疫2针，间隔7～10天，第2年加强免疫1针之后，间隔1年最迟2年再加强1针。减毒活疫苗基础免疫1针，第2年加强1针，经4～5年后再加强注射。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the study on the safety and the immunological persistence of JaPaness encePhalitis virus live attenuatedvaccines, 359 infants aged 5-24 months were distributed to 2 groups, immunized with JaPanese encePhalitis virus inactivatedvaccine and live attenuated vaccine respectively. We found that few of infants had mild side-effect, nobody showed severe side-effect l after injection with the two different vaccines. Therefore this two different vaccines were safe- In the immunologicaleffect, it was found that after the primary immunization the serum positive rates of the two vaccines reached toward 6O% re-spectively. The infants were given booster injection one year later. The serum positive rate reached to 9o%. Live attenuatedvaccine was higher than the inactivated one. Three years later, The serum positive rates of live attenuated vaccine remained8o% and 7O%, but the serum positive was better that the inactivated one. According to the result, we recommend the follow-ing vaccination schedules: inactivated vaccine: for primary immunization, 2 injections are given with an interval of 7~ 1o days,booster immunization given in the second and third year 1 1ive attenuated vaccine: for primary immunization, one injection isgiven, booster injection given in the second year and 4~5 years later.更多还原