【摘要】 热电材料是热-电换能(包括热电发电与致冷)的基础。它的研究与发展已历经一百多年,特别是在1955—1965年的10年间,国际上热电材料研究曾达到高潮。但是迄今仍未找到真正能实现高效热-电换能的热电材料。经过了30多年冷落,近来国际上又重新燃起了寻找新的高效热电材料的战火,它的任何突破将会对工业及环境产生巨大影响。同热电耦合效应一样,理解材料的其他诸多耦合效应(如压电效应等)是研究和发展许多新功能材料的基础。本文简谈热电材料、以及多尺度材料中多场耦合效应两方面的发展趋势及看法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thermoelectric materials are the basis of thermal-electrical energy conversion (including thermoelectric power generation and refrigeration) . Research and development (R&D) of thermoelectric materials have lasted for over a century. Especially during the ten-year period of 1955-1965, study of thermoelectric materials in the world reached its high tide. However, people have failed so far to find a thermoelectric material by which really highly efficient thermal-electrical energy conversion can be realized. After a neglect for over 30 years, recently there has been a worldwide frenzy of activity in the search of new high-performance thermoelectric materials. Any breakthrough in thermoelectric materials will produce a significant impact on industries and environments. Same as the thermal-electrical coupling effect, understanding of many other multi-field coupling effects (e.g., piezoelectric effect) provides the basis for R&D of many new functional materials. This paper briefs the future trends and perspectives of both thermoelectric materials and the multi-field coupling responses of multiscale materials.更多还原