【摘要】 目的调查了解北京地区肺炎链球菌对青霉素及其他１２种抗生素的耐药情况。方法对北京儿童医院及北京医科大学第一医院儿科６个月至３岁的门诊及入院首日患儿进行咽拭子标本采集，并迅速接种于平皿中过夜孵育，分离鉴定肺炎链球菌并选用苯唑西林、氯霉素、四环素、头孢曲松及红霉素纸片作药敏试验，用琼脂扩散法作最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）试验。结果９８９个咽拭子标本中共分离出５１株肺炎链球菌，经用苯唑西林纸片初步筛选、青霉素ＧＭＩＣ确定，共有２株肺炎链球菌对青霉素高度耐药，ＭＩＣ分别为２、４ｍｇ／Ｌ。对头孢曲松和头孢噻肟的耐药率分别为４％及０；其他１０种抗生素耐药率分别为：哌拉西林２６％、氨苄西林１２％、呋苄西林１４％、头孢呋辛６％、红霉素５４％、罗红霉素５２％、克拉霉素５２％、麦白霉素６４％、氯霉素３２％、四环素１００％。结论耐青霉素的肺炎链球菌在我国同样存在，耐药率较低，但交叉耐药现象十分严重更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives To find out if there are penicillin resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and the resistance rate in China. Methods 989 pediatric patients with respiratory tract infections aged from 6 months to 3 years from two pediatric units were enrolled. Perthroat swabs were immediately streaked onto blood agar plates and incubated overnight. Pneumococci were identified and isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method and MIC determination according to Protocol and NCCLS. Results Of the 51 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, 5 strains had zones ≥20mm. Two of the 5 strains had penicillin MICs ≥0.1mg/L (2 and 4mg/L) and considered to be fully resistant to penicillin(4%). The resistance rate to ceftriaxone and cefotaxime was 0 and 4% respectively. For the other 10 antimicrobial agents, the resistance rates were as follows: ampicillin 12%, piperacillin 26%, furbenicillin 14%, cefuroxime 6%, erythromycin 54%, clarithromycin 52%, meleumycin 64%, roxithromycin 52%, chloramphenicol 32%, and tetracycline 100%.Conclusions The study suggested that penicillin resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae strains also exist, and the cross resistance is a significant phenomenon in China.更多还原