【摘要】 目的观察神经端侧吻合后未受损神经纤维侧支再生的情况。方法实验将Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠一侧腓神经切断，在胫神经外膜上开一１ｍｍ小窗，将腓神经远端与胫神经作端侧吻合。术后３个月取吻合口处胫腓神经，用神经纤维分离技术分离出单根神经纤维，观察神经纤维生长方向；同时取远端腓神经作组织学检查和图像分析。结果在吻合口处可见到胫神经纤维发出侧芽，侧芽与胫神经伴行一段距离后呈“Ｙ”形分叉离开胫神经，侧支再生的纤维主要为小的有髓纤维，再生纤维直径及髓鞘截面积显著小于正常腓神经。结论神经端侧吻合后未受损的神经干可发出侧芽长入受损的神经干，侧支再生纤维主要为小的有髓纤维，但质量较差更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To observe collateral regeneration of uninjured nerve fiber after end to side neurorraphy Method A group of 10 Wistar rats had the peroneal nerve sectioned,and the distal ending was sturued to the lateral face of the tibial nerve after removing an l mm epineural window After 3 months,the nerve segment of neurorrhaphy region was harvested and microdissected to demonstrate the growth direction of regenerating nerve fiber Distal ending of the peroneal nerve was also undergone histologic evaluation and morphometric analysis Result Collateral sprouting of tibial nerve was revealed within neurorrhaphy region,the collateral fiber ran along with tibial nerve for certain distance and separated in “Y” shape The regenerating fibers were mainly small myelinated fibers,their diameter and cross area of myelin were smaller thanthoseofnormalperoneal nerve fibers Conclusion The injured nerve can be reinnervated by collateral sprouting of uninjured nerve after end to side neurorrhaphy,the nerve fibers of collateral regeneration are mainly small myelinated fibers更多还原