【摘要】 目的　调查武汉地区儿科感染致病菌对抗生素的耐药现状。方法　收集武汉地区１３所医院儿科分离致病菌，采用ＫＢ法进行药敏试验，用ＷＨＯ 细菌耐药监测组软件“ＷＨＯＮＥＴ４”进行统计和分析，根据１９９３ 年发布的美国临床实验室标准委员会（ＮＣＣＬＳ） 标准判断细菌耐药性。　结果１９９６ 年总共收集儿科致病菌８１４ 株。志贺菌属、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌（ 简称金葡菌） 、假单胞菌属和克雷伯菌属是主要菌种。１０－７ ％ 的金葡菌对苯唑西林耐药，对其他抗生素的耐药性也增加。肠杆菌科菌株对氨苄西林的耐药率＞７９－４％ ，对克雷伯菌属的耐药率达９１－２％ 。大多数革兰阴性（Ｇ－）杆菌，包括肠杆菌科和铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南、头孢他啶、阿米卡星和环丙沙星敏感。　结论应重视开展儿科抗感染治疗中耐药性监测工作，随时掌握细菌耐药动态更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective To study the antimicrobial resistance of pediatric bacterial isolates in Wuhan area Methods The diameters of the inhibition zones of pediatric bacterial isolates in antibiotic susceptibility test discs at 13 hospitals in Wuhan area were filed with computer and analysed by the WHO Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing and Resistance Monitoring software “WHONET 4” according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) published in 1993 Results A total of 814 pediatric isolates were collected in 1996 Shigella sp , E coli, S aureus, Pseudomonas sp and Klebsiella sp were the main microorganism; 10 7% of S aureus was resistant to oxacillin and other antimicrobials as well Enterobacteriaceae was resistant to ampicillin with a resistance rate of more than 79 4%, up to 91 2% for Klebsiella sp Imipenem, ceftazidime, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were most active agents against Gram negative bacilli (GNB) including Enterobacteriaceae and P aeruginasa Conclusion Antimicrobial resistance should be seriously considered during pediatric therapy and prophylaxis with antimicrobial agents The tendency to antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates should be followed continuously更多还原