【摘要】 对施用钾盐、钠盐、铵盐、磷酸盐、石灰、草木灰、褐煤及翻耕、生物净化、铲除表土等措施降低¹³⁷Cs从土壤-植物的转移率,减少农作物中¹³⁷Cs污染的有效性研究表明,铲除表土、翻耕等农业措施的应用,可使春小麦的¹³⁷Cs污染水平下降30％左右。施用硫酸钾能够使农作物的¹³⁷Cs污染水平降低50％～90％,而且3年内的后效非常显著。钾盐的作用表现为大大降低土壤中代换态¹³⁷Cs的含量,并且抑制¹³⁷Cs从茎叶向籽粒的运转。钾盐的施用量按照土壤阳离子代换量的1/30计算为宜。由于¹³⁷Cs在土壤中主要是以非代换态形态存在,因此采用生物净化措施效果不理想。草木灰、褐煤、石灰都有降低¹³⁷Cs从土壤-植物的转移率的作用,但效果不够稳定。施用铵盐、钠盐、磷酸盐会促进作物对¹³⁷Cs的吸收。更多还原

【Abstract】 The measures to reduce the contamination of l37Cs to plant and 137Cs transfer from soil to plant are evaluated by pot and field plot experiment. The measures include the application of salt such as potassium, sodium, ammonium, phosphate and lime, plant ash, trown coal, rooting, biological puritication and uprooting. The results show that the contamination decreases about 30% by rooting and uprooting, 50% to 90% by using potassium sulphate and the effect is significant after 3 years. The mechanism might be that the available 137Cs in soil decreases sharply by potassium and the transfer of 137Cs from leaf to seed is restrained. It is suitable to apply potassium as 1/30 of the available cation in soil. Because 137Cs exist in soil mainly as unavailable form, the effect of biological purification if unreasonable. The transfer ratio of 137Cs from soil to plant cut down a little by the application of plant ash, brown coal but the effect is not stable. Ammonium, sodium and phosphate can promote the absorption of plant to 137Cs.更多还原