【Abstract】 Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the coronary artery response to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or/and intracoronary stenting by using intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) Methods: ICUS imaging was performed in 14 patients (4 women and 12 men, mean age 68±6 years) before or/and after coronary intervention procedures, ten of them underwent PTCA, eight intracoronary stenting Target vessels imaged by ICUS inclued nine in LAD, one LCX and four RCA Results: ① Six patients underwent ICUS imaging after PTCA immediately In five cases (83 3%), we observed the presence of dissection or plaque fracture at the site of angioplasty, and two of them with small intimal flaps into the lumen The plaque composition of these target lesions was calcified or mixed plaque However, only one of them (16 7%) had been diagnosed angiographically ( p =0 038) ② Seven patients performed ICUS imaging after intraconorary stenting Coronary angiograms revealed satisfactory results in all cases with stenting, but only two of them achieved the ICUS criteria for optimal stent deployment, five cases appeared incomplete stent apposition or inadequate stent expansion ( p =0 013), four cases were found vessel intimal tearing at the edge of stents, two of them occurred restenosis at the margin of the stent or in stent at three months and six months after stenting, respectively ③ Additionally, ten left main coronary arteries had an normal angiographic appearance, but 70% of them present crescent shaped eccentric plaque or markedly intimal thickening ( p =0 001 6) ④ Complications: Only one case had transient vessel spasm during the procedure, but reverted after catheter pullback and intracoronary nitroglycerin Conclusion: ① ICUS can assess the coronary angioplasty results accurately and has an important role in guiding the optimal stent placement; ② ICUS may provide information about plaque composition and reveal occult left main coronary artery disease更多还原