【摘要】 采用面上调查,实验室和现场观察相结合的方法对元江流域的媒介防制措施执行情况及效果进行综合评价。结果为:目前元江流域的主要疟疾媒介控制措施系DDT滞留喷洒;该措施能有效控制主要媒介微小按蚊,但不能控制次要媒介中华按蚊,而且对按蚊有兴奋驱避作用;DDT的残效期为80d左右,该地区主要疟区(河谷)年流行时间在9个月以上,每年需要进行2～3次喷洒水能控制疟疾媒虫的活动,但目前投入经费所购买的DDT远远满足不了需要喷洒的数量和范围的要求,而且喷洒质量达不到要求标准,因而不能有效控制疟疾传播;按使用DDT滞留喷洒数量计算,目前购买杀虫剂的投入仅能满足42.82％的需求,但若按使用溴氰菊酯浸泡蚊帐计算,仅 用现在杀虫剂费用的50.75％就可满足需求。基于DDT滞留喷洒的效果,经费和操作方面的限制,该项措施应该逐渐被其它控制策略所替代。更多还原

【Abstract】 The evaluation of implementation and effectiveness of malaria vector control measures was undertaken by using integrated methods of wide area investigation, Lab and field triasl in Yuanjiang basin of Yunnan Proovince. As results, the mainly malarial vector control measures in Yunjian basin is DDT residual spraying, which can effectively control Anopheles minimus, the primary malaria vector, butcan not control An. sinensis, the second vector and has avoidance behaviour in anophelines. Because of a 80 - day residual lifespan of DDT and a 9 - month epidemic season in the endemic malaria areas (river valley) ,it is necessary to conduct 2 or 3 times of DDT residual spraying in order to prevent malaria transmission. But the amount of DDT bought with the present budget can not greatly satisfy the needs of frequency and area of spraying together with poor spraying quality,that lead to not effectively controlling malaria transmission. According to calculation of using DDT residual spraying,the present budget for insecticids can only meet 42. 83%need ,but according to calculation of application of deltamethrin - impregnated bednets,only 50. 75% present budget is enough for insecticide need. The measure of DDT residual spraying should be gradually replaced by other control strategies based on the limitation of its effectivenes,cost and operation.更多还原