【摘要】 对孤岛原油进行了组分分离，对从原油中分离出的界面活性组分、胶质和沥青质进行了分离和结构初步鉴定，研究了他们的碱水乳化性能。结果表明：原油组分的乳化活性随着极性的增强而增强。脂肪有机酸是孤岛原油界面活性物质的主要组分。沥青质、胶质都含有乳化活性物质，具有乳化性质，其中含羰基（ 脂肪羰基和芳香羰基） 、芳香碳碳双键的化合物对乳化性能和乳状液的稳定性起重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 By an extraction procedure using solvents of increasing polarity, five fractions are obtained from Gudao crude oil and the fractions Ⅳ and Ⅴ as emulsifiable active fractions (EAFs) are structurally identified by GC MS technique and studied for emulsifiability by aqueous alkali. It is shown that the emulsifiable activity of EAFs increases with increasing their polarity and the main interfacially active species in EAFs are aliphatic acids. Similarly, subgroups are obtained from the heptane asphaltene (A 1-A 4) and resin (R 1,R 2) of Gudao crude oil and structurally studied by IR and element analysis. It is shown that the substances with concentrated aromatic carbonyls and aromatic C-C double bonds are of great importance for emulsifiability and emulsion stability.更多还原