【摘要】 本文介绍栽培大麦（2x）与球茎大麦（4x）种间杂种的产生及其细胞学鉴定结果。二者杂交成胚率平均可达48.43％,胚培成苗率平均可达25.64％。杂种F₁染色体数为21,通过C-带鉴定表明,7条为母本栽培大麦染色体、14条为父本球茎大麦染色体。F₁花粉母细胞中染色体构型:单价体4～7个、三价体l～3个,其余为二价体。杂种植株形态为父本球茎大麦型,冬性强、发育慢、分蘖多。以杂种F₁胚培苗花粉能育单株为父本,以苏啤1号为母本进行回交,得到7个回交一代株系BC₁—1～BC₁—7,将 BC₁F₂种子播种在大麦黄花叶病病圃中进行抗病鉴定,结果 BC₁—2F₂的2个株系和BC₁—5F₂的2个株系高抗黄花叶病。对BC₁—2F₃的同功酶分析和C-带鉴定,表明抗病株系中确有来自球茎大麦的遗传物质,对抗病株系的抗性基因的遗传规律的研究表明,抗性由一对显性基因控制,并与栽培大麦中已知的抗性基因不等位,可能为一种新的基因。更多还原

【Abstract】 The interspecific hybrid between Hordeum vulgare (2x) and H. bulbosum (4x) and its cytological analysis was reported in this paper. On average, 48.43% of the pollinated spikelets formed embryos, and 28. 6% of immature embryos generated into seedlings in vitro. The root tip chromosome number of hybrid F1 was 21, C-banding showed that 7 chromosomes of F1 came from H. vulgare and 14 from H. bulbosum. In the pollen mother cell of F1, there were univalents 4~7, trivalents 1~3, the other were bivalents. The morphological character of hybrid plant is similar to that of paternal parent H. bulbosum. The resulting triploids were back-crossed to the diploid barley "Supie No. 1", and seven BQ plants were obtained. In disease nursery field, two lines of BC1-2F2 and two lines of BC1-5F2 showed high resistence to BaYMV. The analysis of specific isozyme marker and C-banding pattern for BC1-2F3 plants showed that the BaYMV resistant lines had genetic material from H. bulbosum; and the resistance was controlled by a pair of dominent gene which differs from the known resistant gene in barley cultivar.更多还原