【摘要】 在２℃、１２ ℃、２２ ℃、３２ ℃和４２℃５ 个温度条件下，应用动力学和过渡态理论研究了陕西省具代表性的４ 种土壤对所吸附磷的解吸反应特征。结果表明，土壤磷解吸的一级反应速度常数随温度升高而明显增大，其磷解吸活化能（Ｅｄ） 与磷解吸活化焓（ △Ｈ＋ ＋ｄ ） 为黄褐土＞ 黄绵土＞ 黑垆土＞ 土娄土，而磷解吸自由能（ △Ｇ＋ ＋ｄ ） 和活化熵（ △Ｓ＋ ＋ｄ ） 则刚好相反。所以，土壤中磷解吸是吸热反应，４ 种土壤中的磷解吸难易程度，即其克服反应势垒需要的热能为黄褐土＞ 黄绵土＞ 黑垆土＞ 土娄土，而反应满足条件后进行速度顺序为黄褐土＞ 土娄土＞ 黑垆土＞ 黄绵土，且黄褐土吸附的磷解吸速度最快更多还原

【Abstract】 The features of P desorption from the major four kinds of soil in Shaanxi province under 2℃, 12℃, 22℃, 32℃, and 42℃ conditions were studied by appling kinetics and transition theory.The results show that the desorption rate constants for phosphate from soil are obviously increasing with the increasing of temperature .The orders of the activation energies of desorption( E d ) and the enhalpy of activation ( △H ++ ) are cultivated loessial soil>yellow cinamon soil >black lu soil>lou soil,but on countrary to the free energy of activation ( △G ++ ) and the entropy of activation( △S ++ ).The results indicated that the desorption of phosphate from soil is an absorb heat reaction.The orders of how difficult degree or how much heat force necessarily to desorp the phosphate is cultivated loessial soil>yellow cinamon soil >black lu soil>lou soil.But once their reaction begin on match,the orders of their reaction degree is cultivated loessial soil,lou soil >black lu soil>yellow cinamon soil,and the phosphate desorpted by the cultivated loessial soil is the easiest one to be desorpted.更多还原