【摘要】 本文以吴国青铜兵器的金相检测为基础，利用电子显微镜对样品中出现的纯铜晶粒进行检 测分析，从矿物转化及自然铜形成机理解释了纯铜晶粒的形成，讨论了可能形成纯铜晶粒的条件。 结果认为纯铜晶粒的析出并非是筒单的电解分解与电解析出，这个过程涉及到合金的矿化产生不 稳定的中间腐蚀产物向析出自然铜的稳定态转变，这种转化由原子在矿物质中的反应扩散完成。这 个过程相当漫长，非实验室条件所能摸拟。从矿物转化析出机理考虑，纯铜晶粒中的“李晶”结构可 解释为自然铜的双晶形态，与合金本身，加工工艺以及腐蚀产生的微小体积变化无关。更多还原

【Abstract】 Free copper is a common microstructural constituent of the most samples of Wu State bronzes. The bronzes dated to late Western Zhou, Spring & Autumn and Warring States period have undergone corrosion over a long period in the environnent of soil. Diverse morphologies of the free copper have been recorded. A: Globular particles: respectively presents in single lead particle, eutectoid phase and the structure. B: Filament of free copper: includes netform and curve form, respectively presents in interdendritic boundary, eutectoid phase, and crack produced by corrosion or substance berween mineralized surface layer and underlying metallic substrate. C: Polycrystal band of free copper respectively presents in crack of intermetal structure, and crack between oxided bonder layer and metallic body. Regions of re -- deposited copper are usually coarse grained and often contain twin related crystals. This paper is based on investigation of bronze samples of Wu State weapons by metallographic and SEM method. Studies on the re - deposition Of copper indecated that re -- deposition of free copper is not a simple electroresolve and electrodeposition process. It is related to mineralization took palce in the structure. There are some changes in the structure sorrounding free copper grain, including changes in microstructure and concentration of element. The development of polycrystal band of free copper has been observed. This paper tried to interpret re -- deposition of copper with mineral transfoming mechanism of alloy during corrosion. The re -- deposition of free copper involves that middle stage corrosion producs produced by mineralization of alloy can transform into stable state because of deposition of free copper. The transforming is accomplished by react diffuse of atom in substance. This process is very long, and involves many factors which include componend of alloy, working technique, surroundings of bronzes in the earth and so on. The characteristics and the conditions of formation of the free copper are sufficiently peculiar that they are difficult to reproduce in accelerated laboratory simulations. The twin structure is equal to twin form of natural copper. It is not related to alloy itself, working technique, and tiny strain change in crystal.更多还原