【摘要】 分析了ＩＰ网络中的两种路由模型：用户平衡模型和系统最优模型。目前常用的ＩＰ路由算法都是基于最短路的，即为每个数据报寻找费用最小的路径，它对应于本文中讨论的用户平衡模型；而从网络资源利用的角度出发，要求网络的总费用越小越好，可以用系统最优模型来表示。本文首先讨论了链路和路径上的阻抗模型，在此基础上介绍了两种路由模型，给出它们在极小点的一阶条件，并通过对一阶条件的分析，指出当略去拥挤效应时，二者是等价的。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper analyses two routing models in IP networks, i.e.,the user equilibrium model and the system optimal model. Most IP routing algorithms are based on the shortest path, i.e., the minimal cost path, which corresponds to the user equilibrium model. In order to use the network resource efficiently, the total cost in the network should be minimized, which corresponds to the system optimal model. We first addresses the resistance model on a link and on a path, and on the basis of which two routing models are introduced. The first derivative conditions at the optimum are also proposed. We further conclude that the two models are identical if the block effect can be neglected.更多还原